本文選題：美國(guó) + 政治腐敗�。� 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： 19世紀(jì)后半期到20世紀(jì)初,美國(guó)處于社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期。一方面,經(jīng)濟(jì)高速增長(zhǎng),國(guó)家迅速完成了工業(yè)化和城市化,社會(huì)財(cái)富急劇增長(zhǎng),資本主義進(jìn)入了壟斷階段。另一方面,整個(gè)美國(guó)出現(xiàn)了工業(yè)文明綜合癥:經(jīng)濟(jì)生活混亂,假冒偽劣產(chǎn)品充斥市場(chǎng),消費(fèi)者利益得不到保障;大公司胡作非為,控制國(guó)會(huì)立法;城市老板操縱城市政治,政治受金錢支配,官商勾結(jié),政治腐敗層出不窮。社會(huì)出現(xiàn)了物質(zhì)豐富與社會(huì)進(jìn)步間的“二律背反”現(xiàn)象。本文從這一時(shí)期的政治腐敗現(xiàn)象入手,深入分析這種現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因,重點(diǎn)探究美國(guó)政府為治理腐敗而采取的措施。 本文由緒論、正文和結(jié)論三個(gè)部分組成,其中正文部分包括以下三個(gè)部分: 第一部分,從立法、行政和司法三個(gè)角度來(lái)闡述美國(guó)的政治腐敗現(xiàn)象。經(jīng)過分析可以發(fā)現(xiàn),美國(guó)當(dāng)時(shí)的政治腐敗是很嚴(yán)重的。 第二部分,分析美國(guó)政治腐敗產(chǎn)生的原因。經(jīng)濟(jì)上,隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展和城市化的進(jìn)行,美國(guó)社會(huì)出現(xiàn)了非常嚴(yán)重的社會(huì)問題:資本高度集中,社會(huì)急劇分化,城市化后果嚴(yán)重,壟斷勢(shì)力操控政治,利益集團(tuán)控制立法;政治上,從黨魁制、分贓制兩個(gè)方面來(lái)加以探討;社會(huì)因素方面,輿論媚俗,民眾對(duì)政治腐敗反映冷漠,社會(huì)思潮混亂。 第三部分,是本文的重點(diǎn),面對(duì)嚴(yán)重的政治腐敗形勢(shì),美國(guó)政府采取了一系列措施來(lái)治理腐敗。在黑幕揭發(fā)運(yùn)動(dòng)和進(jìn)步運(yùn)動(dòng)的推動(dòng)下,美國(guó)政府針對(duì)政治體制中存在的弊端,進(jìn)行了一系列改革;國(guó)會(huì)加強(qiáng)了立法和對(duì)社會(huì)事務(wù)的管理;1883年,國(guó)會(huì)通過了《彭德爾頓法》,進(jìn)行了文官制度改革;選舉制度上,創(chuàng)制、復(fù)決和罷免制度的運(yùn)用,婦女獲得了選舉權(quán),無(wú)記名投票、預(yù)選法、直接選舉制的應(yīng)用,使選舉范圍不斷擴(kuò)大。 結(jié)論部分,首先論述治理腐敗的結(jié)果,肯定了美國(guó)政府治理政治腐敗取得的成果,又分別從三個(gè)方面探討了反腐措施的不足。在此基礎(chǔ)上得出結(jié)論:社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期是腐敗的高發(fā)期,這是社會(huì)歷史發(fā)展的普遍現(xiàn)象。繼而提出防治腐敗的步驟:提高公民的參政意識(shí)和社會(huì)責(zé)任意識(shí)是防治腐敗的基礎(chǔ);擴(kuò)大輿論自由,增強(qiáng)輿論監(jiān)督是防治腐敗的手段;加強(qiáng)執(zhí)政者的素質(zhì)建設(shè)和建立權(quán)力的制約機(jī)制是防治腐敗的關(guān)鍵;提高國(guó)家對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)問題的干預(yù),并建立相應(yīng)的監(jiān)督機(jī)制是防治腐敗的重要措施。
[Abstract]:From the second half of the 19 th century to the beginning of the 20 th century, the United States was in a period of social transformation. On the one hand, with the rapid growth of economy, the country has completed industrialization and urbanization, the social wealth has increased rapidly, and capitalism has entered the stage of monopoly. On the other hand, industrial civilization syndrome has emerged throughout the United States: economic life is chaotic, fake and shoddy products are flooded with the market, consumer interests are not protected; large companies misbehave and control Congressional legislation; and city bosses manipulate urban politics. Politics is dominated by money, government-business collusion, and political corruption. The society appeared the phenomenon of "two laws against" between material enrichment and social progress. Starting with the political corruption in this period, this paper analyzes the causes of this phenomenon, and probes into the measures taken by the American government to deal with corruption. This paper is composed of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion, in which the main body includes the following three parts: The first part, from the legislative, executive and judicial perspectives to explain the political corruption in the United States. After analysis, we can find that the political corruption in the United States was very serious at that time. The second part analyzes the causes of American political corruption. Economically, with the rapid development of economy and the development of urbanization, American society has appeared very serious social problems: high concentration of capital, sharp differentiation of society, serious consequences of urbanization, monopoly forces manipulating politics, Interest groups control the legislation; politically, from the party leader system, divided spoils system two aspects to be discussed; social factors, public opinion vulgar, the public reflection of political corruption apathy, social ideological chaos. The third part is the focal point of this paper, facing the serious political corruption situation, the American government has taken a series of measures to control the corruption. Driven by the revelation Movement and the Progressive Movement, the United States Government carried out a series of reforms aimed at the shortcomings of the political system; Congress strengthened legislation and the administration of social affairs; and in 1883, Congress passed the Pendleton Act and carried out civil service reform; in the electoral system, the use of the system of creation, referendum and recall, women gained the right to vote, secret ballot, pre-election, and the application of direct elections. To expand the scope of the election. The conclusion part first discusses the results of controlling corruption, affirms the achievements of American government in controlling political corruption, and probes into the shortcomings of anti-corruption measures from three aspects. On this basis, it is concluded that the period of social transformation is a period of high incidence of corruption, which is a common phenomenon of social and historical development. Then it puts forward the steps of preventing and controlling corruption: raising citizen's consciousness of participating in politics and social responsibility is the basis of preventing and controlling corruption, expanding freedom of public opinion and strengthening supervision of public opinion are the means to prevent and cure corruption. It is the key to prevent corruption to strengthen the diathesis construction and establish the restriction mechanism of power, and to improve the intervention of the state to the economic and social problems, and to establish the corresponding supervision mechanism are the important measures to prevent and control corruption.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：K712.5

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 高鹿;美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)反腐敗機(jī)制研究[D];遼寧大學(xué);2013年

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本文編號(hào)：1802005