本文選題：摩加迪沙之戰(zhàn) + 聯(lián)合國索馬里維和　； 參考：《渤海大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：1991年獨裁者穆罕默德·西亞德·巴雷政權(quán)被推翻后，索馬里爆發(fā)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)造成嚴重的人道主義危機，死亡人數(shù)超過25萬人。聯(lián)合國最初介入索馬里事務(wù)，原本只是為了解決其南部嚴重的饑荒問題，但聯(lián)合國提供的救援物資被內(nèi)戰(zhàn)中的軍隊攫取，到不了難民手中。據(jù)估計，若不改變這種情況，在未來的6個月中，將有50萬索馬里難民餓死。聯(lián)合國于1992年12月3日通過第794號決議，授權(quán)以美國為首的聯(lián)合國特遣隊進駐索馬里，以確保救災(zāi)物資能到難民手中。 在這次摩加迪沙的軍事行動中，美軍雖然成功完成逮捕任務(wù)，卻因為對艾迪德武裝實力的低估，造成兩架美軍直升機在混亂中遭到擊落，并進一步導(dǎo)致百余名救援與執(zhí)行任務(wù)的地面部隊深陷包圍中無法撤離的狀況。在這場被媒體稱為“摩加迪沙之戰(zhàn)”的激戰(zhàn)中，共有18名美軍與1名馬來西亞戰(zhàn)車駕駛員身亡，數(shù)十人受傷，同時索馬里方面約有500至1000名民兵死亡，3000至4000名普通民眾受到波及。 摩加迪沙之戰(zhàn)是克林頓政府外交上的一個分水嶺，克林頓宣布外交舉措失敗并下令美國軍隊撤出索馬里。1994年3月，美軍已經(jīng)完全撤離索馬里。其余的聯(lián)合國維和部隊也在不到一年的時間內(nèi)撤離。冷戰(zhàn)后美國成為唯一的超級大國，四處尋找“對手”，根據(jù)自己的需要隨意選擇戰(zhàn)爭的目標，干預(yù)別國內(nèi)部事務(wù)，奉行多邊性的進攻政策。摩加迪沙之戰(zhàn)后，美國對外干預(yù)政策大幅收縮，不再輕易言戰(zhàn)，美國對于海外用兵更為謹慎，，采取間接干預(yù)的辦法。此后的美國拒絕介入在波斯尼亞沖突和盧旺達大屠殺發(fā)生的沖突，視地面戰(zhàn)為畏途依靠空中力量在其他如科索沃戰(zhàn)爭或打擊伊拉克的軍事行動中進行活動。
[Abstract]:After the overthrow of the dictator Mohamed Siad Barre's regime in 1991, the outbreak of the civil war in Somalia caused a serious humanitarian crisis, with more than 250 thousand deaths. The United Nations was initially involved in Somali affairs, originally just to solve the serious famine in the south, but the United Nations provided relief supplies by the army in the civil war. In the next 6 months, it is estimated that 500 thousand Somali refugees will starve to death in the next 6 months. The United Nations, through resolution 794th, authorized the United Nations led United Nations contingent in Somalia in December 3, 1992 to ensure that the disaster relief funds will be in the hands of the refugees.
In the military operation of the Muqdisho, the American Army successfully completed the arrest, but the underestimation of the armed forces of edisd caused two US helicopters to be knocked down in the chaos and further led to more than a hundred rescue and execution of the ground forces that could not evacuate. In the battle of Muqdisho, 18 US troops and 1 Malaysia chariot drivers were killed, dozens were injured, and about 500 to 1000 militias died in Somalia and 3000 to 4000 ordinary people were affected.
The war in Muqdisho was a watershed in the diplomacy of the Clinton administration. Clinton declared the failure of the diplomatic move and ordered the withdrawal of the United States Army out of Somalia in March.1994. The US Army had completely evacuated from Somalia. The rest of the United Nations peacekeeping forces were withdrawn within a year. The United States became the only superpower after the cold war. To find a "opponent", choose the target of war at will, interfere with the internal affairs of the country and pursue a multilateral offensive policy according to its needs. After the war in Muqdisho, the foreign intervention policy of the United States has contracted greatly, it is no longer easy to say war, the United States is more cautious and indirect intervention for overseas soldiers. After that, the United States refused to intervene in wave. The conflict in the SLA and the Rwanda massacre has taken the ground as a path to rely on air forces to carry out activities in other military operations such as the Kosovo war or the fight against Iraq.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：渤海大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D871.2;K422.5

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