本文選題：田中正造 + 足尾礦毒　； 參考：《東北師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：日本明治維新確立了“殖產(chǎn)興業(yè)”的方針,政府設(shè)立“模范工廠”以行示范,并鼓勵民間力量積極參與其中,為此出臺了扶持性政策。在此背景下足尾銅礦取得了飛躍的發(fā)展,成為日本第一銅山。但是在其生產(chǎn)過程中所排放的礦毒造成了巨大的污染。在經(jīng)濟(jì)與政治雙重利益的驅(qū)使下政府一直包庇企業(yè),直到1893年被害事實(shí)才廣為人知。正造對此給予了高度關(guān)注,并與政府進(jìn)行了長期的斗爭,全力支持民眾的正當(dāng)權(quán)益。本文以田中正造為中心,以原始文獻(xiàn)為依托,考察其抗?fàn)幏绞降霓D(zhuǎn)變與政府處置方針之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。一方面,可以沖破日本學(xué)界普遍將正造視為“思想人”、“知識人”并以此作為研究起點(diǎn)或研究中心的桎梏,還原其社會活動家的歷史形象;另一方面,可以認(rèn)識到當(dāng)時(shí)日本政府應(yīng)對此事有恃無恐的根源在于:政府權(quán)力過大且議會無有力監(jiān)督、約束之權(quán),民眾利益自然難以保全,因此必須認(rèn)識到如何約束政府以及提高民眾實(shí)際權(quán)力的重要性。本文共分為四個部分。第一部分主要探討了這場斗爭的背景。一是講述了正造在礦毒發(fā)生之前的重要經(jīng)歷,闡明了他的人格特質(zhì)和行事風(fēng)格。二是在“殖產(chǎn)興業(yè)”的大背景下,尤其是政府的庇護(hù)是促使足尾銅礦迅速發(fā)展的重要原因。其產(chǎn)生的礦毒危害巨大,引起了正造的密切關(guān)注。第二部分主要討論了正造企圖利用議會內(nèi)外的聯(lián)動,制造壓力,迫使政府迅速解決此事,內(nèi)含三個方面。其一在議會中利用議員身份向有關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行質(zhì)詢;其二在議會外組織農(nóng)民進(jìn)行請?jiān)高\(yùn)動;其三正造出于對當(dāng)局的不滿,將此事與“亡國”緊密相連,希望政府重視。第三部分主要內(nèi)容是正造辭任議員之后的抗?fàn)�。首先他運(yùn)用直訴的形式,企圖繞過政府,直接請?zhí)旎侍幚泶耸�。未果�?進(jìn)駐谷中村進(jìn)行調(diào)查以喚起輿論對政府施加壓力。最后提出自己的治水理論試圖將政府引起的危害降至最輕。第四部分主要包括對正造在礦毒斗爭事件中的評價(jià)以及此次事件給予當(dāng)代的啟示。當(dāng)今中國所面臨的環(huán)境問題不容小覷,污染的不斷加重和公民環(huán)保意識的增強(qiáng)逐漸形成了對立局面,若長此以往,會導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的后果。因此,政府必須加以重視。本文或許能夠?yàn)檎绾螒?yīng)對該問題提供些許歷史借鑒。
[Abstract]:In Japan, the Meiji Restoration established the policy of "colonization and industrialization", the government set up "model factory" to demonstrate and encouraged the folk forces to participate actively. In this context, the foot tail copper mine made a leap development and became the first Copper Mt. in Japan. Great pollution. The government has been harboring enterprises under the dual interests of economy and politics. It is not well known until 1893 that the fact that the government has been victimized by the government has been highly concerned, and has been struggling with the government for a long time to support the legitimate rights and interests of the people. This article is based on Tanaka's creation as the center and based on the original literature. On the one hand, it can break through the Japanese academic circles as the "thought man" and "knowledge man" as the shackle of the research starting point or the research center to restore the historical image of its social activist; on the other hand, it can be realized that the Japanese government at that time should have this The root of the matter is that the power of the government is too big and the parliament has no strong supervision, the power of restraint and the interests of the people are naturally difficult to preserve. Therefore, we must recognize the importance of how to restrain the government and improve the practical power of the people. This article is divided into four parts. The first part mainly discusses the background of this struggle. The important experience before the occurrence of the ore poison expounded his personality traits and his style of acting. Two, under the background of "colonization and prosperity", especially the government's asylum was an important cause for the rapid development of the foot and tail copper mine. By making use of the linkage both inside and outside the parliament, making pressure to force the government to solve the matter quickly, it contains three aspects. One in parliament is to inquire about the relevant institutions in the use of parliamentarians; secondly, organize the petitions movement of farmers outside parliament; third, it is built out of the dissatisfaction with the authorities and closely connects the matter to the "national subjugation", and hopes the government to attach importance to it. The third part is the main content of the protest after the former MP. First, he tried to bypass the government by direct prosecution, and asked the emperor to deal with the matter directly. After that, he went into the village to carry out a survey to arouse the pressure of public opinion on the government. Finally, he put forward his own water treatment theory to reduce the damage caused by the government to the least. Fourth The main points include the evaluation of the event in the mine in the mine and the Enlightenment of this event. The environmental problems that China is facing today can not be underestimated. The aggravation of pollution and the enhancement of citizens' awareness of environmental protection have gradually formed the opposite situation, which will lead to serious consequences in the long run. Therefore, the government must pay attention to it. This article may provide some historical reference for the government to cope with the problem.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K313.4

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