發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-20 03:32

  本文選題：安東尼斯庫 + 羅馬尼亞��； 參考：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：安東尼斯庫當(dāng)政時(shí)期,正值羅馬尼亞加入軸心國集團(tuán)、追隨法西斯德國發(fā)動(dòng)蘇德戰(zhàn)爭的時(shí)期。國內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)這一階段羅馬尼亞外交政策的研究,主要集中于羅德關(guān)系上。實(shí)際上,安東尼斯庫執(zhí)政時(shí)的對(duì)外關(guān)系除了羅德關(guān)系這個(gè)明線之外,還有一條暗線貫穿其中,即米哈伊·安東尼斯庫與馬紐等人對(duì)盟國的“和平試探”政策。這兩條外交路線互為表里,是安東尼斯庫統(tǒng)治下的羅馬尼亞各界迫于當(dāng)時(shí)的國內(nèi)外形勢,為爭取國家的主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整積極努力地反映。 在蘇德戰(zhàn)爭初期,安東尼斯庫順利地收復(fù)了比薩拉比亞與北布科維納。但是隨著戰(zhàn)爭的推進(jìn),由于裝備的落后陳舊,羅馬尼亞在東線戰(zhàn)場上損失慘重。斯大林格勒戰(zhàn)爭失敗之后,羅馬尼亞國內(nèi)的反戰(zhàn)呼聲日高,安東尼斯庫也意識(shí)到德國正在走向失敗,在他的默許之下,安東尼斯庫政府副首相米哈伊·安東尼斯庫①及全國農(nóng)民黨領(lǐng)袖馬紐等人開始了對(duì)盟國的“和平試探”行動(dòng),試圖與盟國達(dá)成諒解,結(jié)束同德國的同盟關(guān)系。安東尼斯庫最終在國內(nèi)的反對(duì)浪潮中被米哈伊國王罷免,羅德同盟關(guān)系也完全破裂,羅馬尼亞走上了協(xié)助盟國對(duì)德宣戰(zhàn)的道路。在二戰(zhàn)之后,羅馬尼亞被強(qiáng)行納入了蘇聯(lián)的勢力范圍中。 本文共分五個(gè)部分： 第一部分簡述了安東尼斯庫上臺(tái)之前的羅馬尼亞外交政策,主要包括依靠法國的“集體安全外交”和偏向德國的“大國平衡外交”兩個(gè)部分,這為安東尼斯庫親德外交政策的確立奠定了基礎(chǔ)。 第二部分介紹了安東尼斯庫上臺(tái)及其親德外交政策的確立過程,指出安東尼斯庫上臺(tái)是內(nèi)外因共同作用的結(jié)果,突出國內(nèi)因素的決定作用,而德國因素只是其中的一個(gè)方面。安東尼斯庫第一次訪問德國的成功,確立了其親德外交政策。 第三部分首先介紹了安東尼斯庫鏟除“鐵衛(wèi)團(tuán)”建立獨(dú)裁政權(quán)的過程,接著詳細(xì)論述了蘇德戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)后羅馬尼亞與德國在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和軍事上的關(guān)系。蘇德戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)后安東尼斯庫立即向蘇聯(lián)宣戰(zhàn)是其親德外交政策的具體表現(xiàn)；兩國在經(jīng)濟(jì)上的聯(lián)系是羅德關(guān)系得以鞏固的基礎(chǔ),特別表現(xiàn)在德國對(duì)羅馬尼亞以石油為主的戰(zhàn)略物資的需求與控制上；在東線戰(zhàn)場上,羅馬尼亞與德國的關(guān)系隨著戰(zhàn)爭的推進(jìn)發(fā)生著變化,從戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)到占領(lǐng)敖德薩地區(qū)為止,是羅德關(guān)系發(fā)展的黃金時(shí)期,斯大林格勒戰(zhàn)爭失敗之后,兩國之間的分歧逐漸加劇,在德國勝利無望的局勢下,羅馬尼亞國內(nèi)各界將目光轉(zhuǎn)向盟國。 文章的第四部分論述了兩個(gè)問題：羅馬尼亞對(duì)盟國的“和平試探”政策以及盟國的反應(yīng)。在第一個(gè)問題上,筆者主要論述了米哈伊·安東尼斯庫在執(zhí)行“和平試探”政策時(shí)的相關(guān)外交舉措,而關(guān)于羅馬尼亞國內(nèi)反對(duì)派的“和平試探”則主要集中在介紹馬紐的活動(dòng)上。第二個(gè)問題主要介紹了盟國對(duì)“和平試探”的反應(yīng),集中論述了英、美、蘇三大國的態(tài)度。 第五部分為結(jié)語,對(duì)整篇文章做了總結(jié)�？傮w來說,安東尼斯庫時(shí)期羅馬尼亞明暗兩條外交線路的形成,是作為小國弱國的羅馬尼亞,在二戰(zhàn)的背景下,面對(duì)困境時(shí)“被動(dòng)適應(yīng)”與“積極抉擇”的結(jié)果。
[Abstract]:During the period of Antonescu's administration, it was the time that Romania joined the axis group and followed the period of the Sood war in which fascist Germany launched the war. The domestic and foreign scholars' research on this stage of Romania's foreign policy was mainly focused on the relationship of Rhodes. In fact, the foreign relations of antonice in power were beyond the Rhodes relationship, There is also a dark line that runs through the "peaceful test" policy of Mihai Antonescu and Ma new et al. These two diplomatic lines are interrelated to the situation at the time of the time of the Romania, under antonis's rule, and to actively reflect on the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the country.
In the early days of the Sood war, Antonio successfully recovered bakabobi and North bakonwiener. But as the war went on, Romania was losing heavily on the eastern front because of its outdated outdated equipment. After the defeat of the Stalingrad war, the anti war call in Romania was high and Antonescu realized that Germany was in the right place. Under his acquiescence, Mihai Antonescu, Deputy Prime Minister of Antonescu administration and nu Nu, the leader of the National Peasant Party, began a "peaceful test" of the allies, trying to reach an understanding with the allies and ending the alliance with Germany. Anthony finally was Mihai in a wave of domestic opposition. The king's recall, the Rhodes alliance broke up completely, and Romania was on the way to assist the allies to declare war on Germany. After World War II, Romania was forcibly included in the Soviet sphere of influence.
This article is divided into five parts:
The first part briefly describes the foreign policy of Romania before Antonescu comes to power, mainly including two parts that rely on French "collective security diplomacy" and "balance diplomacy of great powers" to Germany, which lays the foundation for the establishment of Antonescu's Pro German diplomatic policy.
The second part introduces the process of establishing Antonescu and his pro German diplomatic policy, and points out that Antonescu's coming to power is the result of the common role of internal and external factors, highlighting the decisive role of domestic factors, and the German factor is only one of them.
The third part first introduces the process of eradicating the dictatorship of the "Iron Guard" by antonicu, and then discusses in detail the relationship between Romania and Germany in politics, economy and military after the outbreak of Sood's war. After the outbreak of Sood's war, Anton Nisko's immediate declaration of war on the Soviet Union is a concrete manifestation of his pro German diplomatic policy; The economic connection is the basis for the consolidation of Rhodes's relations, especially in the demand and control of the German oil based strategic materials in Romania. On the eastern front, the relations between Romania and Germany have changed with the advance of the war, and from the outbreak of the war to the occupation of the Odessa region, the relationship between the Rhodes and the Odessa is a relationship. In the golden period of the exhibition, after the failure of the Stalingrad war, the differences between the two countries were gradually intensifying. In the situation of hopeless victory in Germany, all walks of life in Romania turned to the allies.
The fourth part of the article discusses two questions: Romania's "peaceful trial" policy and the alliance's reaction to the allies. On the first question, the author mainly discusses the relevant diplomatic initiatives of Mihai Antonescu in the implementation of the policy of "peaceful testing", and the "peaceful test" of the domestic opposition in Romania. The main focus is on the introduction of Ma's activities. The second issues mainly introduce the response of the allies to "peaceful testing", and focus on the attitude of Britain, the United States and the Soviet Union in the three countries.
The fifth part is the conclusion, summarizing the whole article. In general, the formation of two diplomatic lines in Romania Ming and dark period in Antonescu period is the result of "passive adaptation" and "positive choice" in the face of difficult situation in the context of World War II, as the weak state of Romania in small countries.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K542.42

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 龐媛媛;;論德國在二戰(zhàn)中的石油戰(zhàn)[J];華北水利水電學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)(社科版);2012年02期

，

本文編號(hào)：1776073