本文選題：英國 + 中世紀(jì)晚期　； 參考：《天津師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文以13至16世紀(jì)倫敦漢薩商棧的興衰為切入點,洞視英國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展趨勢及漢薩同盟經(jīng)濟形勢的變遷,以期探尋倫敦漢薩商棧興衰的歷史過程及原因。 12、13世紀(jì),英國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展加快,農(nóng)牧業(yè)商品化趨勢明顯,羊毛出口貿(mào)易尤其發(fā)達。工商業(yè)城市發(fā)展,交通得到改善,倫敦作為經(jīng)濟中心發(fā)展起來。倫敦具有優(yōu)越的地理位置,對外貿(mào)易發(fā)達,對國內(nèi)市場的輻射和帶動作用明顯,在英國具有舉足輕重的經(jīng)濟地位。鑒于上述,此時的英國經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展需要漢薩商人與其他經(jīng)濟實體進行溝通,倫敦漢薩商棧的建立對英國來說具有必要性。倫敦漢薩商棧建立之前,北德意志商人已進入英國,科隆商人和呂貝克商人先后進入英國展開貿(mào)易,他們在倫敦漢薩商棧建立前進行的經(jīng)濟活動,為倫敦漢薩商棧的建立和發(fā)展做了鋪墊�？梢哉f,漢薩同盟先行者的耕耘使建立倫敦漢薩商棧具有了可能性。故此,1282年,倫敦漢薩商棧建立。 由于呂貝克商人的經(jīng)營,北海和波羅的海的貿(mào)易發(fā)展,逐步成為貿(mào)易的整體,英國被納入漢薩同盟的商業(yè)版圖。北海和波羅的海的貿(mào)易的發(fā)展需要英國互通有無,此種情勢為倫敦漢薩商棧的發(fā)展帶來契機,倫敦漢薩商棧在14、15世紀(jì)得到發(fā)展。同時,英國也在謀求海外貿(mào)易的擴張。英國試圖打破漢薩同盟貿(mào)易壟斷的做法必然激蕩起斗爭的陰霾。15、16世紀(jì),英國商人與漢薩商人在北海和波羅的海地區(qū)貿(mào)易競爭漸趨激烈,競爭集中體現(xiàn)在三次沖突之中。沖突不可避免地對商棧產(chǎn)生影響。面對上述環(huán)境的不斷變化,對于商棧商人在英國的活動,英王室根據(jù)英國內(nèi)外形勢的變化,采取了相應(yīng)的措施,態(tài)度經(jīng)歷了從最初的歡迎商棧商人到抵制的三個階段,埋下了倫敦漢薩商棧衰落的種子。 倫敦漢薩商棧在英國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展中扮演了重要的角色,英國的海外貿(mào)易在借鑒漢薩經(jīng)驗的基礎(chǔ)上進行擴張,倫敦漢薩商棧對16世紀(jì)及之后英國經(jīng)濟后續(xù)發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了一定的積極影響和促進作用。16世紀(jì),英國的海外勢力擴張,國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟取得顯著發(fā)展,重商主義及民族國家的思想漸趨形成,對外埠經(jīng)濟勢力的排斥力趨強。而漢薩同盟由于內(nèi)部和外部的原因漸趨式微,其勢力在波羅的海和北海地區(qū)受到挑戰(zhàn),漢薩同盟對英國的影響力削弱。列于漢薩同盟勢力范圍內(nèi)的倫敦漢薩商棧也就失去了存在的歷史條件。最終,倫敦漢薩商棧于1598年關(guān)閉。
[Abstract]:This paper takes the rise and fall of London Hansez Inn from 13th to 16th century as the breakthrough point, and looks at the trend of British economic development and the change of economic situation of Hanseatic League in order to find out the historical process and reasons of the rise and fall of London Hansez Inn.In the 13 th century, British economy developed rapidly, agriculture and animal husbandry were commercialized obviously, wool export trade was especially developed.Industrial and commercial cities, improved transport, London as the economic center of development.London has a superior geographical position, developed foreign trade, radiation and driving effect on the domestic market, and plays an important economic role in Britain.In view of the above, the development of the British economy at this time needs to communicate with other economic entities, and the establishment of the London Hansei Inn is necessary for the United Kingdom.Before the establishment of the London Hanseatic Inn, North German businessmen had entered the United Kingdom, Cologne Merchants and Lubeck Merchants successively entered the United Kingdom to open trade, and they carried out economic activities before the establishment of the London Hanseatic Stack.It lays the groundwork for the establishment and development of the Hanseatic Inn in London.It can be said that the work of the Hanseatic League forerunner made it possible to establish the London Hanseatic Inn.So, in 1282, the Hanseatic Inn was established in London.As a result of the operation of Lubeck merchants and the development of trade between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea, Britain was gradually integrated into the commercial territory of the Hanseatic League.The development of the trade between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea needs the British exchange of necessities, which brings an opportunity for the development of the London Hanseatic Inn, which was developed in the 1415th century.At the same time, Britain is also seeking to expand overseas trade.In the 16th century, when Britain tried to break the trade monopoly of Hanseatic League, the trade competition between British businessmen and Hanseatic merchants in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea became more and more intense, and the competition was concentrated in three conflicts.Conflicts inevitably affect the merchant stack.In the face of the changes in the above environment, the British royal family has adopted corresponding measures according to the changes in the situation at home and abroad, and has experienced three stages from the initial welcoming of merchants to the boycott.It sowed the seeds of the decline of the London Hanseatic.The London Hanseatic Inn has played an important role in the development of the British economy, and British overseas trade has expanded on the basis of the experience of Hansea.The Hanseatic Inn of London had a certain positive influence and promotion on the subsequent development of the British economy in the 16th century and later. In the 16th century, the British overseas power expanded, and the domestic economy developed significantly.Mercantilism and nation-state thought gradually formed and repulsive power to foreign economic forces.However, the Hanseatic League gradually declined for internal and external reasons, its power was challenged in the Baltic and North Sea regions, and its influence on Britain was weakened.The Hanseatic Inn listed in Hanseatic League's sphere of influence lost its historical condition.Eventually, the Hanseatic Inn in London closed in 1598.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：K561

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