本文選題：轉型期 + 英國��； 參考：《首都師范大學》2000年博士論文

【摘要】： 本選題是對英格蘭人口問題的一個側面——人口遷移和城市發(fā)展進行專題研究。人口遷移是 一個古老的現(xiàn)象，古已有之。但在傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)業(yè)社會，人口遷移的規(guī)模不大，遷移的方向主要是從 一個農(nóng)村遷往另一個農(nóng)村，通常是從人口密集的狹鄉(xiāng)遷往人口相對稀少的寬地。在由傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)社 會向近代工業(yè)社會的轉型期，隨著工業(yè)的發(fā)展和城市的擴展，遷移的規(guī)模不斷擴大，并對社會經(jīng) 濟的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了深遠影響。英國是世界各國由農(nóng)本封建主義文明向工商資本主義文明轉型的先驅， 因此，轉型期英國農(nóng)村人口向城市的遷移具有一定的典型性，本文主要從4個方面對人口遷移的 發(fā)生、規(guī)模、類型、產(chǎn)生的社會經(jīng)濟影響以及與城市發(fā)展的關系進行論述： 第一，對這一時期人口遷移的原因進行了詳細的分析和探討。人口移動或遷移，從個人角度 看，無疑是受利益驅動。但從社會角度看，卻是在特定的社會生產(chǎn)方式制約下進行的。所以，從 本質上說，人口遷移是一種社會經(jīng)濟現(xiàn)象。轉型期英格蘭人口遷移的主要原因是：農(nóng)村人口的快 速增長對土地資源形成的壓力、農(nóng)村社會經(jīng)濟轉型釋放出大批勞動力、城市經(jīng)濟發(fā)展形成的拉力 因素以及制度變革的影響等四個方面。這四個因素共同起作用，對這一時期的人口遷移產(chǎn)生著影 響。 第二，對遷移人口的規(guī)模與特征進行了分析。該章通過大量資料論證了這一時期英格蘭的人 口遷移存在前后兩個不同的類型和模式，提出在17世紀中期以前，人口遷移屬于人口壓迫生產(chǎn) 力類型的遷移，即生產(chǎn)力落后，造成人口從農(nóng)村外流。也就是說它們主要是屬于生計型遷移。17 世紀中期以后，人口遷移主要不是由于生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展不足，而是生產(chǎn)力的增長要求人口從農(nóng)村向外 遷移。也就是說主要屬于改善型遷移。同時，對人口遷移的規(guī)模作了分析和估算，并分析了遷移 人口的年齡、性別、職業(yè)、地區(qū)和文化特征。 第三，論證了人口遷移與城市發(fā)展的關系。本章從這一時期城市人口增長的特點入手分析了 人口遷移在城市發(fā)展中的作用。當然，不同規(guī)模和類型的城市對移民依賴的程度也不同，論文還 以倫敦為例進行了個案分析。 第四，，論證了人口遷移與社會轉型的關系。人口是社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的基本要素，勞動力是社會 經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的根本資源。人口遷移與城市化是使勞動力與其它經(jīng)濟要素實現(xiàn)最佳結合的重要機制。 人口城市化不僅對遷出地——農(nóng)村的社會經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)生巨大影響，而且對遷入地——城市的社會經(jīng)濟 也產(chǎn)生巨大影響。人口從鄉(xiāng)村向城市的遷移有利于英格蘭由傳統(tǒng)社會向現(xiàn)代社會的轉型，促進了 工業(yè)革命的爆發(fā)。 文章最后概述了英國人口遷移的特點，以及英國的人口遷移與城市發(fā)展為我們提供的經(jīng)驗和 教訓。
[Abstract]:This topic is one aspect of the population problem in England - population migration and urban development. Population migration is a special topic.
It is an ancient phenomenon. But in the traditional agricultural society, the population migration is small, the direction of migration is mainly from
A country to another country, usually from densely populated county to the less populated one. In the traditional agriculture society
In the transition period of modern industrial society, with the development of industry and the expansion of the city, the scale of the migration is expanding, and the society has passed.
Has produced profound influence economic development. The UK is a pioneer in the world of transition from agricultural civilization to industrial civilization of capitalism feudalism,
Therefore, the migration of the British rural population to the city in the transition period has some typical characteristics. This paper mainly transfers the population from 4 aspects.
The relationship between occurrence, size, type, social and economic impact and the relationship with urban development is discussed.
First, the reasons for the migration of population in this period are analyzed and discussed in detail. Population movement or migration, from a personal point of view
There is no doubt that it is driven by interest. But from a social point of view, it is carried out under the restriction of a specific mode of social production. So,
In essence, the migration of population is a social and economic phenomenon. The main reason for the migration of England population in the transition period is the rapid development of the rural population.
The pressure of rapid growth on the formation of land resources, the release of large numbers of labor force in the transformation of rural social economy and the pull of urban economic development
Four aspects, such as factors and the influence of institutional change. These four factors play a role in the migration of population in this period.
Ring.
Second, the scale and characteristics of the migrated population are analyzed. This chapter demonstrates the people of England in this period through a large amount of data.
There are two different types and patterns before and after the migration of the mouth, and it is proposed that before the mid seventeenth Century, population migration belongs to the oppressive production of population.
The migration of force types, namely, the backward productivity, causes the population to flow out of the countryside. That is to say, they belong to the livelihood type migration.17.
After the middle of the century, the migration of the population was not due to the lack of productivity, but the growth of the productive forces required the population to go out of the countryside.
Migration. In other words, it mainly belongs to the improved migration. At the same time, the scale of population migration is analyzed and estimated, and the migration is analyzed.
Age, sex, occupation, regional and cultural characteristics of the population.
Third, it demonstrates the relationship between population migration and urban development. This chapter begins with the analysis of the characteristics of urban population growth in this period.
The role of population migration in urban development is, of course, the degree of dependence on migrants for different sizes and types of cities.
Case analysis was carried out in London as an example.
Fourth, it demonstrates the relationship between population migration and social transformation. Population is the basic element of social and economic development, and the labor force is a society.
The fundamental resources of economic development. Population migration and urbanization are the important mechanisms to make the best combination of labor and other economic factors.
The urbanization of population not only has a great influence on the rural economy, but also the social economy of the migrated land - the city.
The migration of the population from the countryside to the city is conducive to the transformation of England from the traditional society to the modern society, and the promotion of the transformation of the population to the modern society.
The outbreak of the industrial revolution.
At the end of this article, the characteristics of the population migration in the UK and the experience of the population migration and urban development in Britain are provided.
Lesson.

【學位授予單位】：首都師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2000
【分類號】：K561.33;K561.4

【引證文獻】

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1 張云峰;水資源約束下的內陸河流域農(nóng)村勞動力轉移研究[D];西北師范大學;2006年

2 荀晶;不列顛人口增長與經(jīng)濟增長模式特點探討[D];東北師范大學;2008年

3 任麗霞;埃及人口遷移研究（1952年—2011年）[D];山西師范大學;2012年

4 趙德昭;FDI影響我國農(nóng)村剩余勞動力轉移效應的實證研究[D];湖南大學;2010年

本文編號：1741672