本文選題：新加坡 + 馬來西亞　； 參考：《廈門大學(xué)》2009年博士論文

【摘要】： 第二次世界大戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)后,迫于國內(nèi)外的輿論壓力,英國殖民當(dāng)局不得不重新調(diào)整其在馬來亞的殖民政策。1946年1月22日,英國公布了《馬來亞和新加坡—關(guān)于未來的憲法的聲明》(亦稱白皮書),把戰(zhàn)前分散的海峽殖民地、馬來聯(lián)邦和馬來屬邦的行政管理權(quán)集中起來,組成馬來亞聯(lián)邦,新加坡則從海峽殖民地劃分出來,成為英國的直轄殖民地。由于白皮書剝奪了蘇丹和馬來人的特權(quán),立即引起了蘇丹及民眾的強(qiáng)烈反對,馬來亞聯(lián)邦計(jì)劃實(shí)施不足一年半便告終結(jié)。1948年2月1日,英國殖民當(dāng)局宣布成立馬來亞聯(lián)合邦,恢復(fù)了蘇丹和馬來人的特權(quán)。 聯(lián)合邦成立之后,工運(yùn)學(xué)潮不斷,馬來亞社會(huì)出現(xiàn)了動(dòng)蕩不安的局面。當(dāng)局一方面以武力鎮(zhèn)壓馬來亞的反英運(yùn)動(dòng);另一方面,殖民政府也主動(dòng)開始進(jìn)行政治改革,以爭取民心,并為權(quán)力的移交做準(zhǔn)備。1955年,馬來亞舉行第一次全國大選,“華巫印聯(lián)盟”獲勝,東姑拉曼出任自治政府首席部長。在東姑的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下,聯(lián)盟與英國經(jīng)過幾次艱苦的談判,在滿足了英國的關(guān)鍵性利益要求后,馬來亞最終于1957年8月31日獨(dú)立。 戰(zhàn)后新加坡的政治改革相對緩慢,至1955年,新加坡才在林德憲制的基礎(chǔ)上成立了民選政府。此后,新加坡的民族獨(dú)立運(yùn)動(dòng)迅猛展開。在反殖民主義的壓力下,英國政府被迫三次邀請各派政治力量到倫敦談判,討論新加坡的政治地位問題。1958年4月18日,英、新代表簽署《關(guān)于新加坡自治憲法草案》,英國政府同意新加坡成立自治邦。1959年6月,人民行動(dòng)黨組織了新加坡首屆自治政府,實(shí)行內(nèi)部自治,英國保留國防和外交權(quán)利。 新加坡與馬來亞之間僅隔著柔佛海峽,在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化等各個(gè)方面,都曾是密不可分的整體。二戰(zhàn)后,新、馬雖被人為地分隔為兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的政治單元,然而這種分離并非絕對的,戰(zhàn)后新、馬兩地依然保持著密切的關(guān)系。1961年5月27日,東姑發(fā)表聲明,希望加強(qiáng)馬來亞地區(qū)間的聯(lián)系。在經(jīng)過兩年多的磋商后,新、馬、沙、砂四地最終于1963年9月16日組成了馬來西亞聯(lián)邦。 馬來西亞成立后,聯(lián)邦內(nèi)隱藏的各種矛盾逐漸顯露。新、馬在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化及種族方面發(fā)生了激烈的沖突,雙方關(guān)系破裂。在合并近兩年后,新加坡被迫退出馬來西亞。新加坡和馬來西亞從此走上各自獨(dú)立發(fā)展的道路。
[Abstract]:The Second World War broke out, under the pressure of public opinion at home and abroad, the British colonial authorities had to adjust its colonial policies in.1946 in Malaya in January 22nd, Britain announced the "Malaya and Singapore - about the future constitutional statement > (also known as the white paper), the pre war scattered Straits settlements, Federated Malay States and Unfederated Malay States administration management right together, Malaya Federation, Singapore from the Straits Settlements division, became a British crown colony. The white paper deprived Sultan and Malay privileges, immediately aroused strong opposition from Sultan and the people, the Malaya federal plan for the implementation of less than a year and a half will come to the end of February 1st.1948, the British colonial authorities announced the establishment of Malaya the United States, Sultan and restored Malay privileges.
After the founding of the Federation, the student union, Malaya society appeared the turbulent situation. Authorities force to suppress Malaya's anti British movement; on the other hand, the colonial government began to carry out political reforms, to win the hearts of the people, and for the transfer of power to.1955 years, Malaya held the first national election. "The China India alliance" to win, Tunku Abdul Rahman served as chief minister. In the autonomous government of Tunku under the leadership of the alliance with the British after several difficult negotiations, to meet the key interests of Britain's request, Malaya independence in August 31, 1957.
The Singapore's political reform is relatively slow, until 1955, Singapore was based on the Rendel Constitution was founded on the elected government. Since then, the rapid expansion of the national independence movement. Under the pressure of anti colonialism, the British government was forced to three invite various political forces to London to discuss the.1958 negotiations, the political status of Singapore years in April 18th, New Britain, signed on behalf of Singapore constitution draft on < >, the British government agreed to set up a self-governing state of Singapore.1959 in June, the people's Action Party organized the first autonomous government of Singapore, the implementation of internal self-government, Britain retained the right to defense and foreign affairs.
Between Singapore and Malaya just across the Johore Strait, in the political, economic, cultural and other aspects, are both inseparable whole. After World War II, the new horse, although was artificially divided into two independent political units, but this separation is not absolute, after the war, two places still maintained a close relationship between.1961 in May 27th, Rahman issued a statement that Malaya hopes to strengthen inter regional links. After more than two years of negotiations, the new horse, sand, sand, the four eventually formed the Federation of Malaysia in September 16, 1963.
After the establishment of Malaysia, various contradictions hidden in Federation gradually emerged. The new horse, in political, economic, cultural conflict and racial, rupture of the relationship. Nearly two years after the merger, Singapore was forced to withdraw from Malaysia. Singapore and Malaysia has embarked on the road of independent development.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：廈門大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：K153

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 胡珊;英國對馬來亞聯(lián)邦的設(shè)想及結(jié)果（1942-1948年）[D];華東師范大學(xué);2011年

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本文編號(hào)：1735068