本文選題：美國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn) + 印第安人��； 參考：《山東師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：提到美國(guó),人們會(huì)為它能在建國(guó)二百多年的時(shí)間里,就成為世界頭號(hào)強(qiáng)國(guó)所折服。更多的探尋它近現(xiàn)代的歷史,自然會(huì)把筆墨傾注在作為后來(lái)者的歐洲移民身上,誠(chéng)然作為美國(guó)近現(xiàn)代文明創(chuàng)造者的歐洲移民理應(yīng)受到重視。但不可否認(rèn)的是,印第安人作為美洲大陸上最早的主人,曾在歷史上創(chuàng)造了絢爛的印第安文化,可其歷史地位和作用長(zhǎng)期受到人們的忽視。但也不應(yīng)該否認(rèn)的是,美國(guó)的歷史是全體美國(guó)人民的歷史,而不應(yīng)該將其分割只注重歐洲白人移民在北美大陸的發(fā)展歷程,只是把北美印第安人看作是一個(gè)附庸,是北美殖民地歷史發(fā)展的被動(dòng)承受者,而是積極的作為歷史的創(chuàng)造者,去努力書(shū)寫(xiě)者屬于自己的歷史。他們并不是消極的退縮避讓被歷史的洪流所淹沒(méi),而是迎難而上承擔(dān)起歷史所賦予的使命去參與對(duì)歷史的書(shū)寫(xiě)并試圖用自己的行動(dòng)去改變歷史,雖然其最終并沒(méi)阻礙歷史發(fā)展的腳步,可是也以自己的方式對(duì)歷史進(jìn)行了詮釋,雖然最終被證明是錯(cuò)誤的。本文著重介紹了印第安人自東部被驅(qū)趕到中部的印第安保留地后其原先在東部的領(lǐng)地都被歐洲白人移民所占據(jù)。然而就在被占據(jù)的印第安人領(lǐng)地上美國(guó)南北雙方卻產(chǎn)生了在難以調(diào)和的矛盾。雙方就在準(zhǔn)州領(lǐng)土上是否實(shí)行奴隸制而分歧嚴(yán)重,雙方雖然幾經(jīng)妥協(xié),但是只是暫時(shí)的平靜,一切都是暴風(fēng)雨到來(lái)前的短暫寧?kù)o。不久內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)了,當(dāng)時(shí)被驅(qū)趕到保留地的印第安人部落成為了內(nèi)戰(zhàn)雙方拉攏的對(duì)象。這是由于,當(dāng)時(shí)交戰(zhàn)雙方在阿巴拉契亞以西到密西西比河以東的西線戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)進(jìn)行爭(zhēng)奪。這里的肯塔基及田納西等州是有名的糧倉(cāng)可以作為后勤基地,又是當(dāng)時(shí)去往南方和西部地區(qū)的交通要道,并對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)雙方能否控制邊界諸州起著決定性作用。而北方若在西線占據(jù)主動(dòng)必然會(huì)控制對(duì)南方極為重要的密西西比河的航道及港口,重創(chuàng)南方對(duì)外貿(mào)易,使南方經(jīng)濟(jì)陷入困境并可以從地理上將南方分割開(kāi)來(lái)。對(duì)南方進(jìn)行全面包圍,而印第安保留地就位于這一地區(qū)以西的跨密西西比河戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)對(duì)于馳援西線戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)有著地理上的優(yōu)勢(shì),而印第安人的襲擾可使聯(lián)邦軍隊(duì)的后方不穩(wěn),也可就近支援西線的邦聯(lián)軍,分散聯(lián)邦軍的注意,以緩解其兵力上的不足。密西西比河以西的戰(zhàn)事對(duì)于爭(zhēng)奪對(duì)南北方都極其重要的邊界州—密蘇里州起著極為重要作用,該州的態(tài)度決定了其他幾個(gè)邊界州的最后歸屬,并決定了聯(lián)邦軍能否將阿肯色、路易斯安那和德克薩斯州同南方其他各州分割開(kāi)來(lái),已實(shí)現(xiàn)聯(lián)邦政府總體戰(zhàn)的略中的的一環(huán)。況且在這一戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上誰(shuí)取得密蘇里河(密西西比河支流)的控制權(quán),都會(huì)對(duì)田納西和肯塔基州的西線戰(zhàn)事產(chǎn)生影響。因此南北雙方都加入到對(duì)印第安人的籠絡(luò)和爭(zhēng)奪中。在這之中又以從東南部遷移過(guò)去的所謂“五大開(kāi)化部落”為主,以他們?yōu)橹鞯挠〉诎踩宋溲b組成了騎兵部隊(duì)加入到南部邦聯(lián)軍,并受邦聯(lián)軍將領(lǐng)的指揮。本文介紹了邦聯(lián)軍中的印第安部隊(duì)的作戰(zhàn)情況,而且印第安人部隊(duì)是最后放下武器投降的部隊(duì)。從東南部印第安人最初嘗試融入白人社會(huì)即所謂的“五大開(kāi)化部落”,到最終被迫遷入印第安人保留地,內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)后從中立到轉(zhuǎn)而支持交戰(zhàn)雙方進(jìn)行戰(zhàn)斗的過(guò)程到戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束等幾個(gè)方面來(lái)闡述美國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)中的印第安人的作用及影響。這對(duì)進(jìn)一步了解北美原住民對(duì)美國(guó)歷史進(jìn)程的影響有一定的作用。
[Abstract]:Referred to the United States, people will it in the more than 200 years, has become the most powerful nation in the world. By more to explore its modern history, natural ink will pour in as a latecomer to the European immigrants who, indeed as America in the creator of modern civilization, European immigrants should be taken seriously but not. That is, the Indians as the original owner of the American continent, has created a splendid history of Indian culture, the historical status and role of long-term neglect by the people. But it should not be denied that the history of all the American people, and should not focus only on its split white European immigrants in the course of development of the North American continent, only the North American Indians as a vassal of the North American colonies is the historical development of the passive, but active as the creator of history, To write the history of their own. They are not passive avoidance of withdrawal being overwhelmed by the torrent of history, but the difficulties and assume the mission entrusted by history to participate in the writing of history and tried to use their action to change history, although ultimately did not hinder the pace of history, but in its own way the interpretation of history, although ultimately proved to be wrong. This paper introduces the Indians were driven from the eastern to the central Indian reservations after their original territory in the East are dominated by white European immigrants. However, in the Indian occupied territory on the South and north sides have in the difficult to reconcile the contradictions. The two sides in the quasi state on the territory of slavery and serious differences, the two sides even after a compromise, but only a temporary calm, everything is a storm to come Short before the quiet. Shortly after the civil war broke out, was driven to the reservations of Indian tribes have become the object of civil war both sides to draw. This is because, when the warring parties compete in the west of the Appalachians to the Western Front east of the Mississippi River. The Kentucky and Tennessee state is known as the breadbasket of the logistics base, and then go to the South and west traffic arteries, and when both sides can play a decisive role in control of the border states. If the north in the west is bound to take the initiative to control the South extremely important waterway and port of the Mississippi River, hit the south of foreign trade to the southern economy in trouble and can be separated from the geography on the south. Comprehensive siege on the south, and Indian reservations in the area to the west of the Mississippi River across the battlefield to rush to the rescue The western front has a geographical advantage, while the Indians harassing the federal troops in the rear of instability can also be close to support the Confederacy in the west, scattered the attention of federal troops to ease the shortage on its strength. The west of the Mississippi River in the battle for the competition is extremely important for the North and south side of the border state of Missouri plays a very important role, the attitude of the state determines the final ownership of several other border states, and decide whether the federal troops to Arkansas, Louisiana and Texas separated from other states in the south, has a ring of the federal government in total war a little. Who made the Missouri River in the battlefield (on the Mississippi River tributary) control, will have an impact on Tennessee and Kentucky, on the western front. Therefore, both north and south to win and compete against the Indians in the. In migration from the southeast past the so-called "Five Civilized Tribes" dominated by their form based Indian armed cavalry troops to join the Confederate army, under the command of Confederate generals. This paper introduces the situation of Indian in the Confederate army, and the Indian army is the last to lay down their arms and surrender the troops. Indians from the southeastern part of the initial attempt to integrate into white society and the so-called "Five Civilized Tribes" to eventually forced to move into Indian reservations, several aspects after the outbreak of the civil war turned from neutral to support the process in the warring parties fight to the end of the war to illustrate the role and influence of the American Civil War in the Indians. Have a certain effect on the further understanding of the impact of Native Americans on the course of American history.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K712.4

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 宋政華;格蘭特的和平政策初探[D];山東師范大學(xué);2012年

，

本文編號(hào)：1734693