本文選題：孟什維克　切入點：年革命　出處：《史學(xué)集刊》2017年05期

【摘要】：1917年是孟什維克發(fā)展最為關(guān)鍵的一年,也是其最左右為難的一年。二月革命之后孟什維克實際掌握了國家政權(quán),但教條地認(rèn)為無產(chǎn)階級掌權(quán)的時刻還未來臨,于是把權(quán)力移交給了資產(chǎn)階級臨時政府,自己則以蘇維埃為陣地做民主政治下的反對派,但在四月危機(jī)和臨時政府面臨垮臺的背景下,被迫加入臨時政府參與執(zhí)政,并逐漸淪為其附庸。在戰(zhàn)爭與和平的抉擇中,孟什維克大都反對戰(zhàn)爭,卻不主張立即退出戰(zhàn)爭,甚至認(rèn)為一戰(zhàn)的勝利可以捍衛(wèi)革命的成果。孟什維克一直追求民主,讓全體公民共享革命成果,但卻連基本的社會經(jīng)濟(jì)問題都不能解決,人民的物質(zhì)生活水平十分低下。而其努力追求的民主,幻想構(gòu)建的強(qiáng)有力的民主政府,卻由于自身的一些致命性失誤而偏離預(yù)先設(shè)計的軌道,最終發(fā)展成為無政府主義。
[Abstract]:1917 was the most crucial year for Menshevik's development and its most difficult one.After the February revolution, Menshevik actually took over the state power, but the dogmatic belief that the proletariat had not yet come to power handed over power to the bourgeois interim government.He took the Soviet position as the opposition under democratic politics, but in the context of the crisis in April and the downfall of the interim government, he was forced to join the interim government to take part in the government and gradually become its vassal.In the choice of war and peace, Menshevik mostly opposed war, but did not advocate exiting war immediately, and even thought that victory of World War I could defend the achievements of revolution.Menshevik has been pursuing democracy, so that all citizens share the fruits of the revolution, but can not even solve the basic socio-economic problems, the people's material standard of living is very low.However, the democracy it strives for and the powerful democratic government it imagines to build deviates from the pre-designed track because of its own fatal mistakes and eventually develops into anarchism.
【作者單位】： 維亞特國立大學(xué)歷史系;吉林大學(xué)東北亞研究中心暨東北亞研究院;吉林大學(xué)東北亞研究院;
【分類號】：K512.51
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本文編號：1728318