本文選題：經(jīng)互會　切入點(diǎn)：蘇聯(lián)　出處：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： 經(jīng)互會是1949年1月,由蘇聯(lián)、羅馬尼亞、捷克斯洛伐克、保加利亞、匈牙利、波蘭六國建立的經(jīng)濟(jì)互助組織。成員國之間相互給予技術(shù)協(xié)助,提供原料、糧食、機(jī)器設(shè)備等方面的互助。經(jīng)互會存在期間,雖然取得的成績有目共睹,但內(nèi)部的問題也不可忽視。隨著問題的增多,經(jīng)互會進(jìn)行過多次改革,但由于成員國利益和認(rèn)識的不同,改革只是對某些具體做法進(jìn)行調(diào)整和完善,并不徹底,以致經(jīng)互會最終不能應(yīng)對新技術(shù)革命的挑戰(zhàn),隨著東歐政權(quán)的更迭,經(jīng)互會也隨之解散。 本文主要包括五章: 第一章:介紹了經(jīng)互會建立的原因。戰(zhàn)后西方提出了馬歇爾計劃,蘇聯(lián)為了自身的經(jīng)濟(jì)安全利益,需要加強(qiáng)他在東歐國家的影響,而東歐國家在蘇聯(lián)東歐實(shí)力懸殊的情況下,不得不與蘇聯(lián)接近,同時東歐國家還打算通過擴(kuò)大與蘇聯(lián)的經(jīng)濟(jì)合作來發(fā)展本國的經(jīng)濟(jì)。 第二章:經(jīng)互會成員國由于國情、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平不同,難以達(dá)成一致的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策,而經(jīng)濟(jì)指導(dǎo)思想的落后及經(jīng)互會內(nèi)部雙邊貿(mào)易產(chǎn)生的問題,使經(jīng)互會需要進(jìn)行改革。赫魯曉夫提出了建立經(jīng)互會超國家機(jī)構(gòu)的建議。本章重點(diǎn)論述了改革的原因及結(jié)果,蘇聯(lián)一方面想減輕蘇東貿(mào)易帶來的經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力,一方面想避開歐共體帶給蘇聯(lián)的經(jīng)濟(jì)安全威脅,而東歐國家也想通過經(jīng)互會超國家機(jī)構(gòu)來擺脫經(jīng)濟(jì)下滑、經(jīng)濟(jì)增長率下降等問題。但是以羅馬尼亞為首的東歐國家最終卻否決了建立經(jīng)互會超國家機(jī)構(gòu)的建議,主要是因?yàn)闁|歐國家害怕建立經(jīng)互會超國家機(jī)構(gòu)無法很好的解決本國利益和蘇聯(lián)利益之間的關(guān)系,從而使本國的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展失去控制。 第三章:20世紀(jì)70年代,由于東西方關(guān)系的緩和,不但經(jīng)互會內(nèi)部貿(mào)易發(fā)展很快,而且經(jīng)互會與西方貿(mào)易也有較大的發(fā)展。但是在發(fā)展的背后問題依然存在,針對經(jīng)互會內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長率下降以及雙邊貿(mào)易和價格引起的問題,成員國提出加強(qiáng)經(jīng)互會經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的措施。蘇聯(lián)由于經(jīng)濟(jì)安全利益的需要,必須加強(qiáng)經(jīng)互會的經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化,而東歐國家由于與西方的貿(mào)易受到挫折以及歐共體的壓力也需要加強(qiáng)經(jīng)互會內(nèi)部經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化,基于共同的需求,經(jīng)互會加強(qiáng)了經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化,并取得了很大的成就,擴(kuò)大了成員國之間的貿(mào)易,促進(jìn)了成員國的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長,提高了成員國人民的生活水平。 第四章:進(jìn)入到20世紀(jì)80年代后,經(jīng)互會面臨嚴(yán)重的社會經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)。蘇聯(lián)社會經(jīng)濟(jì)呈現(xiàn)停滯狀態(tài),經(jīng)濟(jì)的畸形和各種深刻的內(nèi)在矛盾,使其在國際綜合國力的競爭中處于劣勢,同發(fā)達(dá)資本主義國家的差距出現(xiàn)擴(kuò)大趨勢。東歐國家也處于能源短缺以及他們自己體制缺乏效率和技術(shù)落后所造成的危機(jī)之中。這一階段充滿了改革和爭論,雖然戈?duì)柊蛦谭蛏吓_后提出了一些改革措施,但是由于蘇聯(lián)、東歐國家都想重返“歐洲”,加入世界經(jīng)濟(jì),害怕經(jīng)互會阻礙其加入世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的進(jìn)程,最終拋棄了經(jīng)互會,最主要原因是蘇聯(lián)由于實(shí)力下降,無法再在經(jīng)濟(jì)合作中承擔(dān)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)責(zé)任,最終導(dǎo)致了經(jīng)互會的解散。 第五章:經(jīng)互會解散后,成員國的經(jīng)濟(jì)都遭受了很大的破壞,蘇聯(lián)解體、前南斯拉夫聯(lián)盟內(nèi)戰(zhàn)、捷克斯洛伐克分裂導(dǎo)致地區(qū)貿(mào)易瓦解,而東歐國家加入歐盟也很困難。前經(jīng)互會國家為了本國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,尋求與周邊地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)合作,先后出現(xiàn)了許多區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)組織,這些區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)組織的出現(xiàn)對前經(jīng)互會國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展起了很大作用。 結(jié)論:概括經(jīng)互會改革及失敗原因,指出經(jīng)互會的解散只是一種經(jīng)濟(jì)合作方式的消失,而不是區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作的結(jié)束。目前區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的主流,在經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的背景下,每個國家必須先學(xué)會與周邊國家合作,共同發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)。
[Abstract]:CMEA is January 1949 by the Soviet Union, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland six established economic cooperation organization. Members to give each other technical assistance, to provide raw materials, food, machinery and other aspects of the mutual aid. Comecon existence period, although the achievements of the internal problems are obvious to people, but can not ignore. With the increasing problem, Comecon have many reform, but because the interests of the member countries and the different understanding of the reform, only for some specific methods of adjustment and improvement, is not complete, so that the final Comecon cannot cope with the challenges of the new technological revolution in Eastern Europe, with the change of regime, Comecon disbanded.
This paper mainly includes five chapters:
The first chapter introduces the reason of Comecon established. Postwar western proposed Marshall plan, the Soviet Union for their own economic security interests, the need to strengthen his influence in Eastern Europe, and Eastern European countries in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union unequal situation, had to close with the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries, also intended to expand economic cooperation with the Soviet Union the development of the national economy.
The second chapter: Comecon members due to national conditions, different levels of economic development, it is difficult to reach agreement on the economic policy and economic backwardness and guiding ideology within the CMEA bilateral trade problems, the Comecon needs reform. Khrushchev proposed the establishment of CMEA supranational institutions. The emphasis of this chapter discusses the reasons and results of the reform, on the one hand to reduce the Soviet sotong trade economic pressure, on the one hand to avoid the threat to economic security to the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries want the CMEA supranational institutions to get rid of the economic downturn, the economic growth rate declined. But in Romania and other Eastern European countries but eventually rejected the establishment of CMEA supranational recommendations, mainly because of the Eastern European countries feared that the establishment of CMEA supranational institutions could not solve the national interests and the interests of the Soviet Union The relationship between economic development, so that their out of control.
The third chapter: in 1970s, due to the relaxation of East West relations, not only within the CMEA trade development is very rapid, but also the development of CMEA trade with the West. But there are still problems behind the development of the Comecon economic growth rate decline and bilateral trade and price problem caused by the members put forward to strengthen the Comecon economic integration measures. The Soviet Union due to economic security interests, we must strengthen the economic integration of Comecon, and Eastern European countries due to trade with the West and the setback pressure also need to strengthen the Comecon internal economic integration, both based on the needs of Comecon to strengthen economic integration, and has made great achievements, expand trade among member countries, promoted the member country's economic growth, improve people's living standards. Members
The fourth chapter: in 1980s, CMEA faced serious social economic crisis. The Soviet social economy stagnant, deformity and various economic profound internal contradictions, which are at a disadvantage in international competition of comprehensive national strength, with the developed capitalist countries gap has expanded trend. The Eastern European countries are also in lack of energy shortage as well as their own institutional crisis caused by the efficiency and backward technology. This stage is full of controversy and reform, Gorbachev made a number of reform measures, but because of the Soviet Union, Eastern European countries wanted to "return to Europe", into the world economy, fear of CMEA hindered its accession to the world economic, eventually abandoned the Comecon, the main reason is due to the strength of the Soviet Union fell, unable to bear the leadership responsibility in economic cooperation, eventually led to the Comecon solution Scattered.
The fifth chapter: after CMEA dissolution, member states have suffered great economic damage, the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the former Yugoslavia civil war, Czechoslovakia division leads to collapse of trade, and Eastern European countries joined the EU is also very difficult. The former Comecon countries to the development of the national economy, to seek economic cooperation with neighboring regions, respectively there are many regional economic organizations, the regional economic organizations will play a significant role in the economic development of the countries.
Conclusion: summary of CMEA reform and pointed out the reasons for failure, the CMEA's dissolution is only a way of economic cooperation disappear, but not the end of regional economic cooperation. The regional economic cooperation is the mainstream of economic development, under the background of economic globalization, each country must first learn cooperation with neighboring countries, the common development of economy.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：K153

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