本文選題：皇權　切入點：崇高觀念　出處：《天津師范大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：1894年中日甲午海戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)。此前的幾十年中,中國、朝鮮半島和日本皇權觀念的不同走向在這個時候得到了最為鮮明的對比。中國的皇權最先發(fā)生世俗化,一方面因為儒教從倫理和制度上規(guī)定了皇權的世俗地位,另一方面則是中國傳統(tǒng)宗教信仰的影響。甲午海戰(zhàn)前夕,這一世俗化過程到達了巔峰,皇權隕落,不僅帶來各種社會亂象,也加快了封建制的崩潰。而這一過程的表現至少包括以下幾點：宗族勢力的過度發(fā)展；貪腐橫行,國無章法；皇族利益與國家利益分裂,“皇權”不再代表國家權力；一些漢族官員具有愛民、安邦的理學思想,但因為發(fā)生了微妙偏差,帶上了殺戮性的一面。 朝鮮半島的皇權世俗化緊隨中國之后,古樸的皇權觀念隨著儒教的傳播發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化,因循古制、勢道政治、閥黨之爭等問題越來越嚴重,封建皇權的權威性被削弱。這其中比較特殊的地方在于傳統(tǒng)遺留造成了朝鮮半島比中國古代更容易接受女性掌權,而這與儒教中的女性觀相矛盾,最終成為造成近代朝鮮外戚專權嚴重的一個重要原因。甲午海戰(zhàn)后,朝鮮半島淪陷,一方面與其自身落后僵化的思想和體制,以及清政府派出的北洋艦隊的慘敗有關,另一方面就是朝鮮王朝自身的政權混亂,尤其是勢道政治嚴重造成的惡果了。 近代日本的情況比較特殊。日本天皇早在九世紀就基本脫離世俗政治,從而避免了皇權的徹底世俗化。但歷代天皇總與政治保持一個微妙的距離,其形象反而更容易在關鍵時刻被喚醒。近代幕府統(tǒng)治衰落時,天皇形象就是在“尊王復古”的口號中被重新樹立的。天皇權威得到空前地絕對化,這得益于天皇制的推行。而天皇制所以能在日本社會無阻礙地推行,原因首先在于層層負責的等級制社會是根基,第二則是在古神道傳統(tǒng)下創(chuàng)立的國家神道的輔助。傳統(tǒng)日本人無法脫離等級制和神道信仰的控制,因而當這兩點為掌權者利用時,才在精神層面產生了巨大的負面影響。 對比可看出在封建社會末期,不同的皇權觀念在中、朝、日三國社會和人心上所產生的作用,對甲午海戰(zhàn)的戰(zhàn)局及其后的歷史都產生了深遠影響。三國面對皇權權威缺失的情況都主動進行了“尋找”,只是最終產生的結果不盡相同。而本文的創(chuàng)新則在于,力求通過對中、朝、日三國皇權的發(fā)展脈絡及其合法性,以及各自外在表現的研究和探討,引起對于東方式的崇高美學概念的思考,同時說明這種“崇高”對我們的現實生活的重大意義。
[Abstract]:The Sino-Japanese naval war broke out in 1894.In previous decades, China, the Korean Peninsula, and Japan have seen the most striking contrast in the direction of imperial power.The first secularization of imperial power in China is due to the secular status of imperial power established by Confucian ethics and system on the one hand and the influence of Chinese traditional religious beliefs on the other.On the eve of the Sino-Japanese naval war, the secularization process reached its peak. The fall of imperial power not only brought all kinds of social chaos, but also accelerated the collapse of feudal system.The performance of this process includes at least the following points: the excessive development of clan forces; corruption and lawlessness; the separation of royal interests from national interests; "imperial power" no longer represents state power; and some Han Chinese officials have a love for the people.Anbang's Neo-Confucianism, however, has taken on a murderous side due to subtle deviations.After the secularization of imperial power on the Korean Peninsula, the primitive concept of imperial power changed dramatically with the spread of Confucianism. The problems such as following the ancient system, politics of power and the struggle of the valve party became more and more serious, and the authority of feudal imperial power was weakened.The special part lies in the fact that the Korean Peninsula is more receptive to female power than in ancient China, which contradicts the view of women in Confucianism, and finally becomes an important reason for the serious foreign monopoly power in modern Korea.After the Sino-Japanese naval war, the fall of the Korean Peninsula was related, on the one hand, to its own backward and rigid ideology and system, and to the tragic defeat of the Northern Fleet sent by the Qing government, on the other hand, the political chaos of the Korean dynasty itself.In particular, the serious consequences of power politics.The situation in modern Japan is quite special.As early as the ninth century, the emperor of Japan was basically divorced from secular politics, thus avoiding the complete secularization of imperial power.But successive emperors kept a delicate distance from politics, and their images were more easily awakened at critical moments.In the decline of the shogunate, the image of the emperor was re-established in the slogan of "respecting the king and restoring the ancient times".The authority of the emperor was unprecedented absolute, thanks to the implementation of the imperial system.The first reason why the imperial system can be carried out unhindered in Japanese society is that the hierarchical society is the foundation, and the second is the assistance of the national Shinto established under the ancient Shinto tradition.The traditional Japanese could not break away from the control of hierarchy and Shinto belief, so when these two two were used by the people in power, they had a great negative influence on the spiritual level.It can be seen that in the end of feudal society, different concepts of imperial power played a profound role in the society and hearts of China, Korea and Japan, and had a profound influence on the war situation and the history of the Sino-Japanese naval war.In the face of the lack of imperial authority, the three countries have taken the initiative to "seek", but the final results are not the same.The innovation of this paper is that through the research and discussion of the development and legitimacy of the imperial power of China, Korea and Japan, as well as the study and discussion of their external performance, the lofty aesthetic concept of the eastern way has been considered.At the same time, this kind of "sublime" is of great significance to our real life.
【學位授予單位】：天津師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：K142

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前1條

1 巴斯蒂,賈宇琰;晚清官方的皇權觀念[J];開放時代;2001年01期

，

本文編號：1718403