本文選題：十九世紀(jì)　切入點(diǎn)：英帝國　出處：《廣西師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：十八世紀(jì)北美殖民地的獨(dú)立使英國認(rèn)識(shí)到貿(mào)易壟斷已經(jīng)不再適合這個(gè)龐大帝國的發(fā)展,英國由早期的資本原始積累時(shí)期實(shí)行重商主義開始向追求近代自由貿(mào)易轉(zhuǎn)變。1815年拿破侖戰(zhàn)爭勝利之后,英國獲得全世界最廣大的殖民地并取得海洋霸權(quán),有了實(shí)現(xiàn)自由貿(mào)易的基礎(chǔ)。工業(yè)革命的發(fā)展使對(duì)外貿(mào)易成為英國工業(yè)增長的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。為尋求廣大的商品銷售市場,其政策開始轉(zhuǎn)向東方。占領(lǐng)印度之后,英國開始以其豐富的資源為后盾,逐步向東南亞的海峽地區(qū)擴(kuò)張。自此,擴(kuò)大勢力范圍而不是直接統(tǒng)治,最大限度地獲得經(jīng)濟(jì)利益,成為帝國新的追求,即“自由貿(mào)易的帝國主義”。文章重點(diǎn)考察十九世紀(jì)英國在海峽殖民地的自由貿(mào)易政策。自由貿(mào)易是英國繁榮的秘訣,也是維系英帝國在全球優(yōu)勢地位的重要砝碼之一。馬來世界自古就是一個(gè)重要的貿(mào)易轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)中心,作為連接歐洲與中國大市場的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn),海峽地區(qū)早就成為西方殖民者爭奪的焦點(diǎn)。在全球海洋戰(zhàn)略之下,英帝國必須占領(lǐng)處于“十字路口”的東南亞海峽地區(qū)。隨著英國逐步打破西班牙、荷蘭在東南亞貿(mào)易航線的壟斷,英屬東印度公司1786年趁機(jī)占領(lǐng)檳榔嶼,拿破侖戰(zhàn)爭期間控制馬六甲,1819年萊佛士占領(lǐng)新加坡,英國逐漸控制整個(gè)海峽地區(qū)。1826年英國正式將三港合并為海峽殖民地。1786-1826年英國在馬來地區(qū)穩(wěn)步建立海峽殖民地是其推行自由貿(mào)易政策的關(guān)鍵一步。這一時(shí)期英國正處于自由資本主義發(fā)展時(shí)期,十九世紀(jì)40-60年代自由貿(mào)易達(dá)到頂峰。緊接著英國通過逐步清除荷蘭、法國在這一地區(qū)的勢力,加強(qiáng)對(duì)外防御以貿(mào)易優(yōu)先,聯(lián)合西方各國打擊海盜,強(qiáng)力廢除奴隸貿(mào)易,在新加坡建立自由貿(mào)易港,在海峽殖民地推行新的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策等措施,最終確立了十九世紀(jì)在海峽地區(qū)的自由貿(mào)易政策。1786-1867年整個(gè)時(shí)期海峽殖民地都在英印政府統(tǒng)治之下,始終堅(jiān)持不干涉馬來半島內(nèi)部事務(wù)的原則,但卻處處奉行“貿(mào)易優(yōu)先”原則。英國一系列自由貿(mào)易政策的順利推行,使新加坡迅速成為東南亞最重要的轉(zhuǎn)口貿(mào)易中心,保持了與中國貿(mào)易的持續(xù)繁榮。而英國更是以海峽殖民地為基地,逐漸向馬來半島內(nèi)陸擴(kuò)張,最終卷入對(duì)馬來半島的全面干涉。帝國在東南亞的政策始終圍繞其中心的一套制度——自由貿(mào)易制度。十九世紀(jì)英國在海峽殖民地推行自由貿(mào)易政策的過程亦是確立在這一地區(qū)統(tǒng)治地位的過程。
[Abstract]:The independence of the colonies of North America in the eighteenth century made Britain realize that trade monopolies were no longer suitable for the development of this vast empire. Britain began to change from mercantilism in the early period of capital accumulation to the pursuit of modern free trade. After the victory of Napoleon War in 1815, Britain gained the largest colony in the world and acquired maritime hegemony. With the foundation of free trade, the development of the industrial revolution made foreign trade the engine of British industrial growth. In search of a vast market for the sale of goods, its policies began to shift eastward. After the occupation of India, Britain began to expand into the Strait region of Southeast Asia, backed by its rich resources. Since then, it has expanded its sphere of influence rather than direct domination, maximizing its economic benefits and becoming a new pursuit of the empire. "the imperialism of free trade". The article focuses on the British free trade policy in the strait colonies in the 19th century. Free trade is the secret of Britain's prosperity. It is also one of the most important weights for maintaining the British Empire's global dominance. The Malay world has been an important transit center for trade since ancient times, as a key point linking Europe and China's big markets. The Straits region has long been the focus of Western colonists. Under the global maritime strategy, the British Empire must occupy the Southeast Asian Straits at the crossroads. The Dutch monopoly of trade routes in Southeast Asia. The British East India Company seized Penang in 1786, controlled Malacca during the Napoleon War, and Raffles occupied Singapore in 1819. Britain gradually took control of the entire strait area. In 1826, Britain formally merged the three ports into a strait colony. The steady establishment of a Straits colony in Malay in 1826 was a key step in its free trade policy. During the development of liberal capitalism, The 1840s and 1960s saw the peak of free trade. Then, by gradually removing the Netherlands, France's influence in the region, strengthening foreign defense and giving priority to trade, Britain joined Western countries in fighting piracy and forcefully abolished the slave trade. The establishment of a free trade port in Singapore and the implementation of new economic policies in the Straits colonies resulted in the establishment of a free trade policy in the Straits region in the 19th century. The Straits colonies were under the British and Indian governments throughout the period of 1786-1867. The principle of non-interference in the internal affairs of the Malay Peninsula has always been adhered to, but the principle of "trade priority" has been pursued everywhere. With the smooth implementation of a series of British free trade policies, Singapore has rapidly become the most important entrepot trade center in Southeast Asia. It maintained a continued prosperity in trade with China, and Britain gradually expanded inland into the Malay Peninsula, based on the Straits Colony. The imperial policy in Southeast Asia has always revolved around the central set of institutions-the free trade system. It is also true that Britain pursued its free trade policy in the Strait colonies in the 19th century. The process of establishing a dominant position in the region.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K561.4

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