本文選題：法國　切入點：比利時　出處：《首都師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：一戰(zhàn)后的十年應(yīng)該是一切回歸正常的年代,尤其是對于法國和比利時這樣的戰(zhàn)勝國來說,和平是1919年后兩國的強烈愿望。然而,《凡爾賽和約》并沒有徹底解決歐洲安全問題。隨著戰(zhàn)后德國的發(fā)展,法國越來越感到它的安全受到威脅。為了謀求安全,法國努力構(gòu)建自己的同盟體系。戰(zhàn)后的比利時也同樣面臨著安全問題,于是它放棄中立地位,在尋求英法雙重保障受挫的情況下,與法國單獨開始了軍事協(xié)定的談判。 1919年巴黎和會期間,法國提出法比建立軍事同盟,從此法比兩國圍繞著盧森堡、紀(jì)堯姆-盧森堡鐵路歸屬權(quán)、占領(lǐng)德國等問題進行一系列軍事協(xié)定談判,出臺法比軍事協(xié)定草案。1920年9月7日,兩國最終簽訂軍事協(xié)定,標(biāo)志著法比軍事同盟關(guān)系正式建立。 法比建立同盟后,比利時跟隨法國的外交政策,協(xié)同法國出兵占領(lǐng)魯爾。然而,在共同占領(lǐng)魯爾的過程中,法比兩國的矛盾日益凸顯。1925年《洛迦諾公約》的簽訂使得比利時獲得了英法的雙重保障,至此,法比雙邊同盟關(guān)系開始受到威脅。 二十世紀(jì)三十年代隨著德國納粹勢力的崛起,歐洲安全問題面臨新的挑戰(zhàn)。新的國際局勢使得比利時不得不再次調(diào)整自己的外交政策,它放棄同盟,恢復(fù)獨立自主的外交政策,法比軍事同盟最終走向瓦解。 通過對法比軍事同盟關(guān)系演變過程的深入探討,我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)這個時期的和平很不穩(wěn)定,大國間的關(guān)系也是錯綜復(fù)雜。法比軍事同盟瓦解的原因較為復(fù)雜,就比利時而言,主要包括地理、歷史、外交傳統(tǒng)、國內(nèi)政治等諸多方面；對法國來說,它對集體安全、大國霸權(quán)盲目的追求影響了法比兩國的同盟關(guān)系,而《洛迦諾公約》和《法蘇互助條約》的簽訂則導(dǎo)致了兩國同盟關(guān)系逐漸走向瓦解。此外,德國、英國等大國外交戰(zhàn)略也是造成法比軍事同盟瓦解的重要原因。盡管法比軍事同盟在兩次世界大戰(zhàn)間發(fā)揮的作用有限,但我們不得不承認(rèn),兩國軍事同盟對法比雙方的外交確實產(chǎn)生了一定的影響。
[Abstract]:The decade after World War I should be a return to normalcy, especially for a victorious country such as France and Belgium. Peace was a strong desire of the two countries after 1919. However, the Treaty of Versailles did not completely resolve the issue of European security. With the development of postwar Germany, France increasingly felt that its security was threatened. The postwar Belgium also faced security problems, so it gave up its neutrality and, frustrated by the dual guarantees sought by Britain and France, began negotiations on a military agreement with France alone. During the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, France proposed the establishment of a military alliance between France and Belgium. From this point on, France and Belgium negotiated a series of military agreements over the issues of Luxembourg, the ownership of the Guillaume Luxembourg railway, and the occupation of Germany. On September 7, 1920, the two countries finally signed a military agreement, marking the formal establishment of the Franco-Belgian military alliance. After France established its alliance, Belgium followed France's foreign policy and joined France in the occupation of Ruhr. However, in the process of co-occupation of Ruhr, The contradiction between France and Belgium became more and more obvious. The signing of the 1925 Lochano Convention made Belgium obtain the double guarantee of Britain and France, so that the bilateral alliance between France and Belgium was threatened. In the 1930s, with the rise of Nazi forces in Germany, European security faced new challenges. The new international situation forced Belgium to adjust its foreign policy once again, and it abandoned its alliance. Restoring an independent foreign policy, the Franco-Belgian military alliance finally disintegrated. Through an in-depth discussion of the evolution of the Franco-Belgian military alliance, it is not difficult to find that the peace in this period is very unstable, and the relations between the great powers are also intricate. The reasons for the disintegration of the Franco-Belgian military alliance are quite complex. As far as Belgium is concerned, It mainly includes geography, history, diplomatic tradition, domestic politics, etc. For France, its blind pursuit of collective security and power hegemony has affected the alliance between France and Belgium. The signing of the Lochano Convention and the Treaty of Mutual Assistance between the two countries led to the gradual collapse of the alliance between the two countries. The diplomatic strategy of Great Powers such as Britain is also an important reason for the collapse of the Franco-Belgian military alliance. Although the Franco-Belgian military alliance played a limited role between the two world wars, we have to admit that. The military alliance between the two countries did have a certain impact on the diplomacy of France and Belgium.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D819;K151

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