本文選題：雅典　切入點(diǎn)：司法制度　出處：《中央民族大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文試圖通過(guò)追溯雅典司法制度的歷史演變過(guò)程、考察雅典重要的司法機(jī)構(gòu)——陪審法庭的構(gòu)成及運(yùn)作,探究雅典的司法制度在維護(hù)和鞏固雅典民主制方面所起的突出作用。 公元前8世紀(jì)忒修斯的政治改革為雅典的政治體制奠定了雛形,最初的司法權(quán)主要由六名執(zhí)政官行使,他們是法律的制定者和維護(hù)者。之后,梭倫設(shè)立了陪審法庭。至公元前5世紀(jì)中葉,厄菲阿爾特?cái)U(kuò)大了陪審法庭的權(quán)限,伯里克利首次為陪審員制定了津貼,這就為平民參與陪審法庭提供了經(jīng)濟(jì)保證,從而完善和鞏固了民主制度。 陪審法庭是雅典最為重要的司法機(jī)關(guān)。從陪審員的產(chǎn)生到法庭宣布判決結(jié)果,整個(gè)過(guò)程把對(duì)陪審員數(shù)量的硬性規(guī)定與法庭分配時(shí)的軟性幾率相結(jié)合、程序的公開(kāi)性與投票的秘密性相結(jié)合,實(shí)現(xiàn)了雅典人追求的平等、公平、公正的目標(biāo)。時(shí)隔兩千多年后,當(dāng)我們重新審視雅典陪審法庭的時(shí)候,我們?nèi)圆幻鈱?duì)古人的精研覃思贊嘆不已。 除了審理一些案件之外,雅典的陪審法庭還通過(guò)違法法令(律)訴訟對(duì)雅典的法律進(jìn)行審查,通過(guò)對(duì)任職資格和賬目的審查對(duì)雅典的所有官員進(jìn)行監(jiān)察,保障了雅典民主制的正常運(yùn)行。 雅典的司法制度以其獨(dú)有的內(nèi)在精神對(duì)后世產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響,但它作為直接民主制的產(chǎn)物,也不可避免地存在一些不足之處,這也提示我們?cè)诮梃b的同時(shí)要學(xué)會(huì)批判。
[Abstract]:By tracing back the historical evolution of the judicial system in Athens, this paper attempts to investigate the constitution and operation of the jury court, an important judicial institution in Athens, and to explore the prominent role played by the judicial system in maintaining and consolidating the Athenian democracy. Theseus' political reform in the eighth century B.C. laid the rudiments of the political system in Athens. The first judicial power was exercised mainly by six consul, who were the makers and defenders of the law. Solon established the jury court. By the middle of the 5th century BC, Uphiarte had expanded the jury court's authority, and Pericles had for the first time made allowances for jurors, which provided an economic guarantee for civilian participation in the jury court. Thus, the democratic system was perfected and consolidated. The jury court is the most important judicial organ in Athens. From the emergence of jurors to the verdict delivered by the court, the whole process combines the mandatory regulation of the number of jurors with the soft probability of court allocation. The openness of the procedure combined with the secrecy of the voting achieved the goal of equality, fairness and justice pursued by the Athenians. More than 2,000 years later, when we re-examined the Athens jury court, We can't help admiring the ancients for their meticulous research on Qin Si. In addition to hearing a number of cases, the jury court in Athens also examined the laws of Athens through legal proceedings against the law, and monitored all officials in Athens through the examination of their qualifications and accounts. It guaranteed the normal operation of Athenian democracy. The judicial system of Athens has had a profound influence on later generations with its unique inner spirit, but as a product of direct democracy, it inevitably has some shortcomings, which also indicates that we should learn to criticize while learning from it.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D916;K125

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