本文選題：南斯拉夫　切入點(diǎn)：鐵托　出處：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2007年碩士論文

【摘要】： 1948年蘇南沖突后的南斯拉夫極端孤立，不僅面臨以蘇聯(lián)為首的東方陣營(yíng)的攻擊，同樣也面對(duì)一個(gè)強(qiáng)烈反共產(chǎn)主義的西方。為了國(guó)家的生存與獨(dú)立，南斯拉夫領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人不得不尋求美國(guó)的援助和支持。本文主要依據(jù)現(xiàn)有的資料，，試圖從南斯拉夫角度出發(fā)，以蘇南沖突后南斯拉夫?qū)で竺绹?guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)和軍事援助為切入點(diǎn)和主要線索，詳細(xì)論述1948年蘇南沖突到1953年美國(guó)對(duì)南斯拉夫經(jīng)濟(jì)和軍事援助第一階段結(jié)束這一段時(shí)期內(nèi)，南斯拉夫?qū)で竺绹?guó)援助的緣起和經(jīng)過(guò)，并分析美國(guó)援助對(duì)南斯拉夫國(guó)家發(fā)展的影響。 在冷戰(zhàn)進(jìn)入高潮和兩大陣營(yíng)尖銳對(duì)立的情況下，南斯拉夫從本民族利益出發(fā)，經(jīng)過(guò)艱苦的探索，最終獲得美國(guó)大量的經(jīng)濟(jì)和軍事援助，找到一條符合南斯拉夫國(guó)情的社會(huì)主義道路。盡管這一決策在很大程度上是被迫的，但畢竟為廣大第三世界國(guó)家的獨(dú)立發(fā)展提供了榜樣和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，因而研究這一課題有著顯而易見(jiàn)的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。從學(xué)術(shù)上說(shuō)，1948—1953年南斯拉夫與美國(guó)的關(guān)系很少有學(xué)者涉及。即使有所論述，也大都是從美國(guó)角度出發(fā)進(jìn)行研究的，所以進(jìn)行此研究對(duì)于豐富戰(zhàn)后國(guó)際關(guān)系的研究無(wú)疑是有益的。 本文分為三部分：引言、正文和結(jié)語(yǔ)。 引言主要闡述目前國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)術(shù)界關(guān)于這一領(lǐng)域的研究現(xiàn)狀。 正文第一部分論述南斯拉夫?qū)で竺绹?guó)援助的原因，分析蘇南沖突及此后蘇聯(lián)組織的情報(bào)局國(guó)家對(duì)南斯拉夫的經(jīng)濟(jì)封鎖、政治隔離和軍事威脅迫使南斯拉夫不得不另尋它路。在與社會(huì)主義陣營(yíng)決裂后，南斯拉夫領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人決定借助美國(guó)的支持與援助，抵制蘇聯(lián)為首的社會(huì)主義陣營(yíng)的圍攻，從而維護(hù)國(guó)家生存與獨(dú)立；而美國(guó)則試圖利用南斯拉夫作為瓦解蘇東陣營(yíng)和遏制蘇聯(lián)的楔子，以取得對(duì)蘇冷戰(zhàn)的優(yōu)勢(shì)。正是南美兩國(guó)出于各自的利益需要，才使得南斯拉夫?qū)で竺绹?guó)的援助成為可能。 正文第二部分討論南斯拉夫?qū)で竺绹?guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)援助的經(jīng)過(guò)。全面論述南美雙方從最初謹(jǐn)慎的試探性接觸到1953年援助援助第一階段結(jié)束，分析南斯拉夫爭(zhēng)取美國(guó)放寬出口管制、獲得信貸和貸款、無(wú)償經(jīng)濟(jì)援助及有計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)援助的漸進(jìn)的援助過(guò)程。指出正是蘇南沖突后尋求美國(guó)援助的需要導(dǎo)致南斯拉夫領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人思想觀念的變化；同時(shí)，他們思想觀念的變化又進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)了美國(guó)提供更大規(guī)模援助。 正文第三部分論述南斯拉夫?qū)で竺绹?guó)軍事援助的過(guò)程。分析朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)之前南美兩國(guó)關(guān)于蘇聯(lián)入侵南斯拉夫可能性的分析及采取的行動(dòng)；朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)之后由于感到蘇聯(lián)軍事威脅的迫近，為了維護(hù)本國(guó)的安全，南斯拉夫開(kāi)始尋求美國(guó)的軍事援助。同時(shí)探討南斯拉夫政府在爭(zhēng)取援助過(guò)程中開(kāi)展的一些親美宣傳，這些措施有助于美國(guó)給予南斯拉夫更大程度的援助。 正文第四部分集中論述美國(guó)援助對(duì)南斯拉夫國(guó)內(nèi)外政策的影響，重點(diǎn)分析了南斯拉夫在沖突后對(duì)外政策的調(diào)整，改變了戰(zhàn)后初期強(qiáng)硬的反西方態(tài)度，在逐步改善與鄰國(guó)(奧地利、希臘和意大利)關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上與西方和解，以此促進(jìn)美國(guó)的更大援助；對(duì)內(nèi)政策上，在堅(jiān)持國(guó)家獨(dú)立和社會(huì)主義制度的前提下，進(jìn)行了一系列的內(nèi)政改革，形成了工人自治和分權(quán)化具有南斯拉夫特色的社會(huì)主義道路。這樣通過(guò)內(nèi)外政策的逐步改變，南斯拉夫在爭(zhēng)取美國(guó)援助的同時(shí)，也最大限度維護(hù)了南斯拉夫的民族利益和國(guó)家獨(dú)立。 結(jié)語(yǔ)歸納全文并分析這一時(shí)期南美關(guān)系，正是由于美國(guó)的援助，使得南斯拉夫在增強(qiáng)了與蘇聯(lián)抗衡的能力和維護(hù)了南斯拉夫的主權(quán)與獨(dú)立的同時(shí)，有可能實(shí)施其經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展計(jì)劃；更重要的是，在獲得美國(guó)援助的同時(shí)，南斯拉夫沒(méi)有犧牲本國(guó)的根本利益。南斯拉夫之所以成功地獲得美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)軍事援助，在很大程度上在于冷戰(zhàn)這一特殊的國(guó)際環(huán)境，也在于其國(guó)內(nèi)政治穩(wěn)定及其領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層的積極主動(dòng)、靈活務(wù)實(shí)的對(duì)外政策。不可否認(rèn)的是，南斯拉夫?qū)で竺绹?guó)的援助對(duì)冷戰(zhàn)中的美國(guó)和蘇聯(lián)都產(chǎn)生了一定的影響。
[Abstract]:In 1948 the South of Jiangsu conflict in Yugoslavia after the extreme isolation, not only faced by the Soviet Union and the Eastern bloc attack, also face a strong anti Communist in the West. In order to survive and independent countries, Yugoslavia's leaders have to seek U.S. assistance and support. This paper mainly based on the existing data, attempts from the perspective of Yugoslavia, to the conflict in South of Jiangsu after Yugoslavia to seek U.S. economic and military aid as the starting point and the main clue, discusses the conflict in South of Jiangsu in 1948 and 1953 in the United States of Yugoslavia economic and military assistance in the first phase of the end of this period, the origin of Yugoslavia to seek U.S. assistance and after, and to analyze the impact of U.S. assistance to Yugoslavia's national development.
In the cold war and the climax of the two camps in sharp contrast to the situation in Yugoslavia from the national interests, through arduous exploration, get a lot of economic and military aid to the United States, find a way to meet the conditions of the Yugoslavia socialist. Although this decision is forced to a great extent, provides example and experience but after all, for the independent development of the third world countries, so the research of this subject has realistic meaning obviously. Academically, the relationship between Yugoslavia and the United States in 1953 1948, few scholars involved. Even some discussion, mostly from the United States were studied, which is good so the study to enrich the post-war international relations.
This article is divided into three parts: introduction, text and conclusion.
The introduction mainly expounds the current research status of the academic circles at home and abroad on this field.
The first part discusses the reasons for the assistance of the United States of Yugoslavia, South of Jiangsu and the Soviet Union since the conflict analysis of information organization of Yugoslavia Bureau of state economic blockade, political isolation and military threats to force Yugoslavia to find its way. In a break with the socialist camp, Yugoslavia's leaders decided to use the support and assistance of the United States against the socialist camp headed by the Soviet Union. The siege, so as to maintain the survival and independent countries; the United States is trying to use Yugoslavia as the collapse of Soviet Union and Eastern camp and the containment of the Soviet Union wedge, in order to obtain the advantages of cold war against the Soviet Union. It is for their own interests between the two countries in South America, which makes Yugoslavia to seek the assistance of the United States has become possible.
The second part discusses Yugoslavia looking for American economic aid. After a comprehensive discussion of the South American contact between the two sides from the exploratory first cautious to the end of the first stage of 1953 for American aid, analysis of Yugoslavia to relax export control, access to credit and loans, free economic aid and progressive aid process planned economic assistance. It is pointed out that the need to seek U.S. aid to South of Jiangsu after the conflict led to changes in Yugoslavia's leaders ideas; at the same time, the change of their ideas and further promote the United States to provide more aid.
The third part discusses Yugoslavia to seek U.S. military aid. The analysis before the Korean War on the Soviet invasion of Yugoslavia the possibility of the two countries in South America and action; after the Korean War was approaching the Soviet military threat, in order to safeguard the national security, Yugoslavia began to seek U.S. military aid. At the same time, the government of Yugoslavia to strive to carry out in the aid process some of the pro american propaganda, these measures will help the United States to give Yugoslavia more aid.
The fourth part focuses on the influence of American aid to Yugoslavia's domestic and foreign policy, focusing on Yugoslavia's foreign policy adjustment in post conflict, change the postwar tough anti Western attitude, gradually improving with neighbouring countries (Austria, Greece and Italy) on the basis of the relationship with the Western settlement, so as to promote more American aid of; policy, adhering to the national independence and the socialist system, carried out a series of internal reform, the formation of the socialist road workers autonomy and decentralization has the characteristics of Yugoslavia. So by changing the internal and external policy in Yugoslavia, for the assistance of the United States at the same time, also maximize the national interests of Yugoslavia and the country's independence.
The conclusion is a summary and analysis of the Latin American relations during this period, it is because of the assistance of the United States, made Yugoslavia stronger with the Soviet Union and the maintenance of Yugoslavia's sovereignty and independence, are likely to implement its plan for economic development; more importantly, in obtaining the assistance of the United States and Yugoslavia, without sacrificing fundamental national interest. Yugoslavia has successfully obtained economic and military aid from the United States, this is a special international cold war environment to a great extent, but also in its domestic political stability and leadership initiative, flexible and pragmatic foreign policy. It is undeniable that Yugoslavia sought assistance from the United States have a certain effect in the cold war in the United States and the Soviet Union.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號(hào)】：K543.54

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 時(shí)殷弘;是提供援助,還是袖手旁觀——論美國(guó)援助南斯拉夫的開(kāi)端[J];美國(guó)研究;1992年03期

本文編號(hào)：1653549