本文選題：南斯拉夫　切入點(diǎn)：鐵托　出處：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2007年碩士論文

【摘要】： 1948年蘇南沖突后的南斯拉夫極端孤立，不僅面臨以蘇聯(lián)為首的東方陣營的攻擊，同樣也面對一個強(qiáng)烈反共產(chǎn)主義的西方。為了國家的生存與獨(dú)立，南斯拉夫領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人不得不尋求美國的援助和支持。本文主要依據(jù)現(xiàn)有的資料，，試圖從南斯拉夫角度出發(fā)，以蘇南沖突后南斯拉夫?qū)で竺绹?jīng)濟(jì)和軍事援助為切入點(diǎn)和主要線索，詳細(xì)論述1948年蘇南沖突到1953年美國對南斯拉夫經(jīng)濟(jì)和軍事援助第一階段結(jié)束這一段時期內(nèi)，南斯拉夫?qū)で竺绹木壠鸷徒?jīng)過，并分析美國援助對南斯拉夫國家發(fā)展的影響。 在冷戰(zhàn)進(jìn)入高潮和兩大陣營尖銳對立的情況下，南斯拉夫從本民族利益出發(fā)，經(jīng)過艱苦的探索，最終獲得美國大量的經(jīng)濟(jì)和軍事援助，找到一條符合南斯拉夫國情的社會主義道路。盡管這一決策在很大程度上是被迫的，但畢竟為廣大第三世界國家的獨(dú)立發(fā)展提供了榜樣和經(jīng)驗，因而研究這一課題有著顯而易見的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。從學(xué)術(shù)上說，1948—1953年南斯拉夫與美國的關(guān)系很少有學(xué)者涉及。即使有所論述，也大都是從美國角度出發(fā)進(jìn)行研究的，所以進(jìn)行此研究對于豐富戰(zhàn)后國際關(guān)系的研究無疑是有益的。 本文分為三部分：引言、正文和結(jié)語。 引言主要闡述目前國內(nèi)外學(xué)術(shù)界關(guān)于這一領(lǐng)域的研究現(xiàn)狀。 正文第一部分論述南斯拉夫?qū)で竺绹脑颍治鎏K南沖突及此后蘇聯(lián)組織的情報局國家對南斯拉夫的經(jīng)濟(jì)封鎖、政治隔離和軍事威脅迫使南斯拉夫不得不另尋它路。在與社會主義陣營決裂后，南斯拉夫領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人決定借助美國的支持與援助，抵制蘇聯(lián)為首的社會主義陣營的圍攻，從而維護(hù)國家生存與獨(dú)立；而美國則試圖利用南斯拉夫作為瓦解蘇東陣營和遏制蘇聯(lián)的楔子，以取得對蘇冷戰(zhàn)的優(yōu)勢。正是南美兩國出于各自的利益需要，才使得南斯拉夫?qū)で竺绹脑蔀榭赡堋?正文第二部分討論南斯拉夫?qū)で竺绹?jīng)濟(jì)援助的經(jīng)過。全面論述南美雙方從最初謹(jǐn)慎的試探性接觸到1953年援助援助第一階段結(jié)束，分析南斯拉夫爭取美國放寬出口管制、獲得信貸和貸款、無償經(jīng)濟(jì)援助及有計劃經(jīng)濟(jì)援助的漸進(jìn)的援助過程。指出正是蘇南沖突后尋求美國援助的需要導(dǎo)致南斯拉夫領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人思想觀念的變化；同時，他們思想觀念的變化又進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)了美國提供更大規(guī)模援助。 正文第三部分論述南斯拉夫?qū)で竺绹娛略倪^程。分析朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭之前南美兩國關(guān)于蘇聯(lián)入侵南斯拉夫可能性的分析及采取的行動；朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭之后由于感到蘇聯(lián)軍事威脅的迫近，為了維護(hù)本國的安全，南斯拉夫開始尋求美國的軍事援助。同時探討南斯拉夫政府在爭取援助過程中開展的一些親美宣傳，這些措施有助于美國給予南斯拉夫更大程度的援助。 正文第四部分集中論述美國援助對南斯拉夫國內(nèi)外政策的影響，重點(diǎn)分析了南斯拉夫在沖突后對外政策的調(diào)整，改變了戰(zhàn)后初期強(qiáng)硬的反西方態(tài)度，在逐步改善與鄰國(奧地利、希臘和意大利)關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上與西方和解，以此促進(jìn)美國的更大援助；對內(nèi)政策上，在堅持國家獨(dú)立和社會主義制度的前提下，進(jìn)行了一系列的內(nèi)政改革，形成了工人自治和分權(quán)化具有南斯拉夫特色的社會主義道路。這樣通過內(nèi)外政策的逐步改變，南斯拉夫在爭取美國援助的同時，也最大限度維護(hù)了南斯拉夫的民族利益和國家獨(dú)立。 結(jié)語歸納全文并分析這一時期南美關(guān)系，正是由于美國的援助，使得南斯拉夫在增強(qiáng)了與蘇聯(lián)抗衡的能力和維護(hù)了南斯拉夫的主權(quán)與獨(dú)立的同時，有可能實(shí)施其經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展計劃；更重要的是，在獲得美國援助的同時，南斯拉夫沒有犧牲本國的根本利益。南斯拉夫之所以成功地獲得美國的經(jīng)濟(jì)軍事援助，在很大程度上在于冷戰(zhàn)這一特殊的國際環(huán)境，也在于其國內(nèi)政治穩(wěn)定及其領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層的積極主動、靈活務(wù)實(shí)的對外政策。不可否認(rèn)的是，南斯拉夫?qū)で竺绹脑鷮鋺?zhàn)中的美國和蘇聯(lián)都產(chǎn)生了一定的影響。
[Abstract]:In 1948 the South of Jiangsu conflict in Yugoslavia after the extreme isolation, not only faced by the Soviet Union and the Eastern bloc attack, also face a strong anti Communist in the West. In order to survive and independent countries, Yugoslavia's leaders have to seek U.S. assistance and support. This paper mainly based on the existing data, attempts from the perspective of Yugoslavia, to the conflict in South of Jiangsu after Yugoslavia to seek U.S. economic and military aid as the starting point and the main clue, discusses the conflict in South of Jiangsu in 1948 and 1953 in the United States of Yugoslavia economic and military assistance in the first phase of the end of this period, the origin of Yugoslavia to seek U.S. assistance and after, and to analyze the impact of U.S. assistance to Yugoslavia's national development.
In the cold war and the climax of the two camps in sharp contrast to the situation in Yugoslavia from the national interests, through arduous exploration, get a lot of economic and military aid to the United States, find a way to meet the conditions of the Yugoslavia socialist. Although this decision is forced to a great extent, provides example and experience but after all, for the independent development of the third world countries, so the research of this subject has realistic meaning obviously. Academically, the relationship between Yugoslavia and the United States in 1953 1948, few scholars involved. Even some discussion, mostly from the United States were studied, which is good so the study to enrich the post-war international relations.
This article is divided into three parts: introduction, text and conclusion.
The introduction mainly expounds the current research status of the academic circles at home and abroad on this field.
The first part discusses the reasons for the assistance of the United States of Yugoslavia, South of Jiangsu and the Soviet Union since the conflict analysis of information organization of Yugoslavia Bureau of state economic blockade, political isolation and military threats to force Yugoslavia to find its way. In a break with the socialist camp, Yugoslavia's leaders decided to use the support and assistance of the United States against the socialist camp headed by the Soviet Union. The siege, so as to maintain the survival and independent countries; the United States is trying to use Yugoslavia as the collapse of Soviet Union and Eastern camp and the containment of the Soviet Union wedge, in order to obtain the advantages of cold war against the Soviet Union. It is for their own interests between the two countries in South America, which makes Yugoslavia to seek the assistance of the United States has become possible.
The second part discusses Yugoslavia looking for American economic aid. After a comprehensive discussion of the South American contact between the two sides from the exploratory first cautious to the end of the first stage of 1953 for American aid, analysis of Yugoslavia to relax export control, access to credit and loans, free economic aid and progressive aid process planned economic assistance. It is pointed out that the need to seek U.S. aid to South of Jiangsu after the conflict led to changes in Yugoslavia's leaders ideas; at the same time, the change of their ideas and further promote the United States to provide more aid.
The third part discusses Yugoslavia to seek U.S. military aid. The analysis before the Korean War on the Soviet invasion of Yugoslavia the possibility of the two countries in South America and action; after the Korean War was approaching the Soviet military threat, in order to safeguard the national security, Yugoslavia began to seek U.S. military aid. At the same time, the government of Yugoslavia to strive to carry out in the aid process some of the pro american propaganda, these measures will help the United States to give Yugoslavia more aid.
The fourth part focuses on the influence of American aid to Yugoslavia's domestic and foreign policy, focusing on Yugoslavia's foreign policy adjustment in post conflict, change the postwar tough anti Western attitude, gradually improving with neighbouring countries (Austria, Greece and Italy) on the basis of the relationship with the Western settlement, so as to promote more American aid of; policy, adhering to the national independence and the socialist system, carried out a series of internal reform, the formation of the socialist road workers autonomy and decentralization has the characteristics of Yugoslavia. So by changing the internal and external policy in Yugoslavia, for the assistance of the United States at the same time, also maximize the national interests of Yugoslavia and the country's independence.
The conclusion is a summary and analysis of the Latin American relations during this period, it is because of the assistance of the United States, made Yugoslavia stronger with the Soviet Union and the maintenance of Yugoslavia's sovereignty and independence, are likely to implement its plan for economic development; more importantly, in obtaining the assistance of the United States and Yugoslavia, without sacrificing fundamental national interest. Yugoslavia has successfully obtained economic and military aid from the United States, this is a special international cold war environment to a great extent, but also in its domestic political stability and leadership initiative, flexible and pragmatic foreign policy. It is undeniable that Yugoslavia sought assistance from the United States have a certain effect in the cold war in the United States and the Soviet Union.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：K543.54

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 時殷弘;是提供援助,還是袖手旁觀——論美國援助南斯拉夫的開端[J];美國研究;1992年03期

本文編號：1653549