本文選題：貴族團(tuán)體　切入點(diǎn)：貴族會議　出處：《蘇州科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：1785年頒布的《御賜貴族特權(quán)詔書》以法律的形式明確了俄國貴族等級所享有的權(quán)利和特權(quán)。貴族獲得了自治的特權(quán),詔書規(guī)定各省貴族通過建立“貴族團(tuán)體”來行使自己的自治特權(quán),所有世襲貴族都是當(dāng)?shù)刭F族團(tuán)體的成員。貴族團(tuán)體又分為省貴族團(tuán)體和縣貴族團(tuán)體,貴族會議是貴族團(tuán)體的權(quán)力機(jī)構(gòu),會議定期召開,在貴族會議上討論并解決當(dāng)?shù)刭F族事務(wù)、選舉首席貴族、監(jiān)督當(dāng)?shù)刭F族的日常生活和貴族履行政府義務(wù)的情況、維護(hù)貴族等級的榮譽(yù)和特權(quán)地位、審核并確認(rèn)當(dāng)?shù)刭F族的人數(shù),此外貴族會議還有向貴族征稅的權(quán)力。首席貴族制度是貴族會議的執(zhí)行機(jī)關(guān),負(fù)責(zé)執(zhí)行貴族會議的決議,在貴族會議休會期間負(fù)責(zé)管理當(dāng)?shù)刭F族和貴族團(tuán)體的其他機(jī)構(gòu)。除了行使貴族的自治權(quán),貴族團(tuán)體還被賦予了參與地方行政管理的責(zé)任。從19世紀(jì)開始貴族團(tuán)體一直在地方政府體制中發(fā)揮著重要的作用,貴族團(tuán)體不僅是貴族的自治組織,也是半官方的地方政府機(jī)構(gòu)。此外,在救濟(jì)貧困貴族、照顧老弱貴族和教育貴族子弟等問題上,貴族團(tuán)體都發(fā)揮了不可替代的作用。這些活動在本質(zhì)上都是為了維護(hù)貴族等級的特權(quán)地位,但是隨著俄國資本主義的發(fā)展,代表封建地主利益的貴族等級不可避免的衰落了。在二月革命爆發(fā)之后,貴族團(tuán)體也和貴族等級一起退出了俄國的歷史舞臺。總之,歷史上的俄國貴族團(tuán)體一直具有雙重的屬性,它既是貴族等級利益的維護(hù)者和捍衛(wèi)者,也是帝俄時(shí)期政治生活的重要參與者。
[Abstract]:In 1785, the Royal Royal decree on the granting of aristocratic privileges defined the rights and privileges of the Russian aristocracy in the form of laws. The aristocracy was granted the privilege of autonomy. The imperial edict stipulates that the provincial aristocrats exercise their autonomous privileges through the establishment of "aristocratic groups". All hereditary aristocrats are members of local aristocratic groups, which are further divided into provincial aristocratic groups and county aristocratic groups. The aristocratic council is the authority of the aristocratic community, which is regularly convened to discuss and resolve the local aristocratic affairs, elect the chief aristocrats, and supervise the daily life of the local aristocrats and the fulfilment by the nobles of their governmental obligations. Maintaining the honor and privileged status of the aristocracy, examining and confirming the number of local aristocrats, and, in addition, the aristocracy has the power to tax the nobles. The chief aristocracy is the executive organ of the aristocracy, which is responsible for enforcing the decisions of the aristocracy, Responsible for the administration of the local aristocracy and other bodies of aristocratic groups during the recess of the Council of nobles... except for the exercise of aristocratic autonomy, Aristocratic groups have also been entrusted with the responsibility of participating in local administration. Since 19th century, aristocratic groups have been playing an important role in the local government system, and aristocratic groups are not only the autonomous organizations of nobles, It is also a semi-official local government agency. In addition, on such issues as relief to the poor aristocrats, care for the elderly and the weak aristocrats, and education for the children of the aristocrats, Aristocratic groups played an irreplaceable role. These activities were essentially intended to preserve the privileged status of the aristocracy, but with the development of Russian capitalism, The aristocratic class, which represented the interests of the feudal landlords, inevitably declined. After the revolution in February, aristocratic groups withdrew from Russia's historical stage along with the aristocratic classes. The historical Russian aristocratic group has a dual attribute, which is not only the guardian and defender of the aristocratic interests, but also an important participant in the political life of the imperial Russia period.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘇州科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K512

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