本文選題：呂西阿斯演說(shuō)　切入點(diǎn)：大赦和解　出處：《上海師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在經(jīng)歷了短暫而血腥的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)后，公元前403年雅典民主政治得到了重建。戰(zhàn)后，民主派并沒(méi)有對(duì)之前寡頭派犯下的惡行進(jìn)行報(bào)復(fù)，相反卻與之和解，宣布“大赦”。但是在公元前四世紀(jì)初呂西阿斯的多篇演說(shuō)中，內(nèi)戰(zhàn)與和解成為了演說(shuō)者們所關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)，，大赦并沒(méi)有使民眾忘卻寡頭派過(guò)去所犯下的錯(cuò)誤。通過(guò)對(duì)呂西阿斯多篇演說(shuō)進(jìn)行具體考察，分析演說(shuō)者對(duì)修辭策略的采用，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，雅典內(nèi)部的秩序最終通過(guò)演說(shuō)者對(duì)城邦意識(shí)形態(tài)—“分裂”與“和諧”的反復(fù)重申而實(shí)現(xiàn)。 第一章結(jié)合與呂西阿斯同時(shí)期的古典作家們的相關(guān)記載，筆者對(duì)公元前403年雅典大赦和解的形成歷史背景與主要的內(nèi)容做簡(jiǎn)要的介紹，并對(duì)呂西阿斯多篇演說(shuō)中所涉及到的大赦和解的相關(guān)內(nèi)容做較為詳細(xì)的梳理。 第二章以呂西阿斯第18篇演說(shuō)辭為例，分析在訴訟演說(shuō)中，演說(shuō)者通過(guò)將個(gè)人的經(jīng)歷與城邦的歷史相結(jié)合的敘事方法，通過(guò)修辭策略的運(yùn)用，一方面淡化城邦在前民主政治統(tǒng)治時(shí)期所遭受的“傷痛”記憶，突出自己在三十寡頭上臺(tái)前后所經(jīng)歷的“苦難”，將自己及其家族成員塑造為民主政治的擁護(hù)者；另一方面，強(qiáng)化大赦在維護(hù)城邦未來(lái)正義方面所具有的權(quán)威，將對(duì)手看似正當(dāng)?shù)膹?fù)仇行為轉(zhuǎn)化為非正義的“分裂”活動(dòng)。通過(guò)這樣一種修辭，在民眾的政治話語(yǔ)中，大赦不再是強(qiáng)加于民眾憤怒情感上的枷鎖，而轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐环N維護(hù)城邦穩(wěn)定的正義的行為；不再是外部力量干涉的結(jié)果，而是出于民眾的忠于自己的誓言，忠于城邦的美德的展示。 第三章筆者分別從“分裂”與“和諧”這兩個(gè)維度來(lái)分析在大赦和解的語(yǔ)境下演說(shuō)者如何通過(guò)修辭技巧的采用來(lái)維護(hù)雅典城邦內(nèi)部民主政治的穩(wěn)固。在第一節(jié)，筆者將分析在重建后的民主政治中，演說(shuō)者不僅對(duì)大赦的所涉及的雙方作出重新的解讀，并且通過(guò)將公民政治身份進(jìn)行重構(gòu)，來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)城邦內(nèi)部的統(tǒng)一。第二節(jié)，筆者將詳細(xì)闡述在回憶公民個(gè)人與雅典城邦所遭遇的不幸時(shí)，演說(shuō)者如何來(lái)解釋這些事件發(fā)生的原因。從中可以看出演說(shuō)者往往將它們歸結(jié)為雅典內(nèi)部沖突的結(jié)果。如果要避免歷史重演，重新建立的民主政治就需要向相反的方面努力，即實(shí)現(xiàn)內(nèi)部的一致與和諧。 通過(guò)對(duì)呂西阿斯演說(shuō)中對(duì)大赦相關(guān)事件的描述，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)在演說(shuō)中演說(shuō)者修辭技巧的采用，試圖重塑城邦的歷史記憶，進(jìn)而調(diào)解城邦內(nèi)部隱藏在大赦和解下的分裂，實(shí)現(xiàn)其內(nèi)部的和平。
[Abstract]:After a brief and bloody civil war, democracy in Athens was rebuilt in 403 BC. After the war, the Democrats did not retaliate against the previous oligarch, but reconciled with it. "Amnesty." but in many speeches by Lucius in early 4th century, civil war and reconciliation became the focus of the speakers' attention. The amnesty did not make the people forget the mistakes made by the oligarchs in the past. By examining the speeches of Lysias in detail and analyzing the use of rhetorical strategies by the speakers, we find that. The internal order of Athens was finally realized by the repeated reaffirmation of polis ideology-"division" and "harmony" by the orators. In the first chapter, combining with the relevant records of the classical writers of the same period as Lucius, the author makes a brief introduction to the historical background and main contents of the formation of amnesty reconciliation in Athens in 403 BC. Moreover, the contents of amnesty and reconciliation involved in many speeches of Lysias are combed in detail. The second chapter takes the 18th speech of Lysias as an example to analyze the narrative method which combines personal experience with the history of the city-state and the use of rhetorical strategies in the litigation speech. On the one hand, by playing down the memory of the "pain" suffered by the city-states during the pre-democratic period, and by highlighting the "suffering" they experienced before and after the 30 oligarchs came to power, and by portraying themselves and their family members as advocates of democratic politics; on the other hand, To strengthen the authority of amnesty in safeguarding the future justice of the city-state, and to turn the seemingly legitimate acts of vengeance of opponents into unjust "divisive" activities. Through such rhetoric, in the political discourse of the people, Amnesty is no longer a shackle imposed on public anger, but a just act to maintain the stability of a city. It is no longer the result of interference from outside forces, but a demonstration of the loyalty of the people to themselves and the virtues of the city-states. In the third chapter, the author analyzes how the orators maintain the stability of the inner democracy of the Athenian city-state through the adoption of rhetorical skills in the context of amnesty and reconciliation from the two dimensions of "division" and "harmony". The author will analyze that in the reconstructed democratic politics, the speaker not only reinterprets the two sides involved in the amnesty, but also reconstructs the political identity of the citizen to realize the unity within the city-state. The author will explain in detail the misfortunes experienced by individual citizens and the Athenian city-states, How do speakers explain why these events happened. It can be seen that speakers often attribute them to the outcome of the internal conflict in Athens. If history is to be avoided, the re-established democracy needs to work in the opposite direction. That is to achieve internal consistency and harmony. By describing the events related to amnesty in Lysias's speech, we can find that the use of rhetorical skills of the speakers in the speech attempts to reconstruct the historical memory of the city-states, thus mediating the division within the city-states hidden under the amnesties of reconciliation. To achieve internal peace.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K125

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