本文選題：朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)　切入點(diǎn)：麥克阿瑟　出處：《山東師范大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),發(fā)生在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)之后的冷戰(zhàn)的初期,雖然不能與兩次世界大戰(zhàn)相提并論,但卻是冷戰(zhàn)期間發(fā)生的第一場(chǎng)熱戰(zhàn),也是東西方之間最嚴(yán)重的沖突之一。它是一場(chǎng)從朝鮮內(nèi)戰(zhàn)升級(jí)為多國(guó)派兵參加、具有相當(dāng)規(guī)模的國(guó)際沖突。這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),就其戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)形態(tài)或類別來(lái)說(shuō),屬于局部戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),也稱局部地區(qū)的國(guó)際戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),或國(guó)際性的局部戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)�？梢哉f(shuō),在局部戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的歷史上,朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)內(nèi)含的沖突因素之多是空前的。由于存在諸多對(duì)立面,且軍事斗爭(zhēng)與政治斗爭(zhēng)和外交斗爭(zhēng)交織在一起,使得這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)呈現(xiàn)出相當(dāng)激烈和異常復(fù)雜的具象。 朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)后,麥克阿瑟與杜魯門政府在基本政策出發(fā)點(diǎn)上發(fā)生了重大分歧,他們之間的爭(zhēng)爭(zhēng)吵吵,隨著美軍在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上的勝利與失敗,而起起伏伏。最終使美國(guó)人引以為豪的五星上將麥克阿瑟過(guò)快地結(jié)束了自己無(wú)與倫比的軍旅生涯,使這位20世紀(jì)美國(guó)最優(yōu)秀的軍事戰(zhàn)略家蒙受了缺乏政治洞察力和敏銳性的責(zé)難。戰(zhàn)時(shí)的杜魯門政府也由于朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)引發(fā)的一系列問(wèn)題而飽受美國(guó)朝野的攻擊,從而使其政府在美國(guó)公眾中的聲譽(yù)大打折扣。出乎意料的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),出乎意料的結(jié)果,使美國(guó)人經(jīng)歷了從勝利的巔峰,跌至進(jìn)退維谷的境地,轉(zhuǎn)而懷著難以名狀的挫敗感,與其堅(jiān)決予以抵制的共產(chǎn)黨國(guó)家妥協(xié),簽訂�；饏f(xié)議。 麥克阿瑟雖然是杰出的戰(zhàn)略家,但卻不具備政治分析家的敏銳。朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)后,身為戰(zhàn)地指揮官的麥克阿瑟未能站在一個(gè)政治家與戰(zhàn)略家的高度,對(duì)時(shí)事做出睿智的判斷;同時(shí),在杜魯門政府一再向其闡述美國(guó)國(guó)策的時(shí)候,麥克阿瑟也未能及時(shí)調(diào)整自己的思路,與政府站在一邊,而是固執(zhí)地認(rèn)為,杜魯門政府的有限戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)理論實(shí)際上是一種僵持對(duì)峙的戰(zhàn)術(shù),是歐洲綏靖主義政策在亞洲的重演。孫子兵法中說(shuō),“上下同欲者勝”。而麥克阿瑟與杜魯門政府之間諸多分歧,使其不能協(xié)調(diào)一致地行動(dòng),才導(dǎo)致了美國(guó)“在錯(cuò)誤的時(shí)間,錯(cuò)誤的地點(diǎn),同錯(cuò)誤的敵人,進(jìn)行了一場(chǎng)錯(cuò)誤的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”。 麥克阿瑟和杜魯門在對(duì)待朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的根本目標(biāo)是一致的,他們都企圖通過(guò)武力來(lái)遏制社會(huì)主義勢(shì)力,但由于兩人在具體的行動(dòng)、步驟上有不同的意見(jiàn),再加上麥克阿瑟妄自尊大、剛愎自用的性格,使其終被解職。杜魯門罷免麥克阿瑟保證了美國(guó)全球戰(zhàn)略的實(shí)行,為和平解決朝鮮問(wèn)題掃清了一大障礙。同時(shí),維護(hù)了美國(guó)憲法規(guī)定的對(duì)軍隊(duì)的文職控制原則,捍衛(wèi)了美國(guó)的資產(chǎn)階級(jí)民主制度。美國(guó)的決策機(jī)制內(nèi)在的制度彈性很值得借鑒,它揭示了極其重要的戰(zhàn)略啟示:任何國(guó)家的任何軍事行動(dòng),都必須服從于國(guó)家的整體戰(zhàn)略利益的需要,任何將領(lǐng)都必須絕對(duì)服從于武裝部隊(duì)最高統(tǒng)帥,絕不能允許任何自行其是的行動(dòng)。
[Abstract]:The Korean War, which took place in the early days of the cold war after World War II, was the first hot war during the Cold War, although it could not be compared with the two world wars. It is also one of the most serious conflicts between the East and the West. It is an international conflict that has escalated from the Korean civil war to the participation of multinational troops and has a considerable scale. This war, in terms of its form or type of war, is a local war. Also known as international wars in local areas, or international local wars. It can be said that in the history of local wars, the number of conflict factors contained in the Korean War was unprecedented. Because of the existence of many opposites, Moreover, the military struggle, political struggle and diplomatic struggle intertwined, which made the war quite intense and complicated. After the outbreak of the Korean War, MacArthur and the Truman government had major differences on the starting point of their basic policy. Their arguments and quarrels, with the victory and defeat of the US military on the battlefield, And ups and downs. The five-star general, MacArthur, who eventually made Americans proud, ended his unparalleled military career too quickly. In 20th century, the best American military strategist was blamed for a lack of political insight and acumen. The wartime Truman administration was also attacked by the United States' ruling and opposition parties for a series of problems caused by the Korean War. The government's reputation in the American public has been greatly compromised. The unexpected war, the unexpected outcome, has led Americans from the peak of victory to the depths of their struggles, and to a sense of indescribable frustration. Compromise with the communist state, which resolutely resisted, and sign a ceasefire agreement. Although MacArthur was an outstanding strategist, he did not possess the acumen of a political analyst. After the Korean War broke out, MacArthur, as a field commander, failed to make wise judgments on current affairs from the height of a statesman and strategist; At the same time, when the Truman administration repeatedly explained to it the state policy of the United States, MacArthur was unable to adjust his thinking in time to side with the government, but stubbornly believed that. Truman's theory of limited war is in fact a kind of standoff tactic, a replay of European appeasement in Asia. Sun Tzu's art of war says that "the upper and lower are the same as those who want to win." and MacArthur and the Truman government have many differences. Its inability to act in concert led the United States to "wage the wrong war at the wrong time, in the wrong place, with the wrong enemy." MacArthur and Truman agreed on the fundamental goal of dealing with the Korean War. They both tried to contain the socialist forces by force, but because of their specific actions, they had different views on the steps to be taken. Coupled with MacArthur's egotistical and domineering character, MacArthur was eventually dismissed. Truman's removal from MacArthur ensured the implementation of the United States global strategy and cleared a major obstacle to a peaceful settlement of the Korean issue. It has upheld the principle of civilian control over the military as stipulated in the US Constitution, and defended the bourgeois democracy in the United States. The inherent institutional flexibility of the decision-making mechanism in the United States is worth learning from. It reveals an extremely important strategic implication: any military action of any country must serve the needs of the overall strategic interests of the nation, and any general must be absolutely subordinate to the supreme commander in chief of the armed forces. No action should be allowed to go its own way.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：K712.54

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 時(shí)勇;道格拉斯·麥克阿瑟的軍事思想研究[D];山東師范大學(xué);2011年

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本文編號(hào)：1621050