本文選題：沙特王國　切入點：社會轉(zhuǎn)型　出處：《西北大學(xué)》2013年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：沙特阿拉伯王國是伊斯蘭大國,素有“伊斯蘭盟主”之稱,并對地區(qū)和國際事務(wù)構(gòu)成重要影響。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)以來,沙特王國經(jīng)歷了從傳統(tǒng)游牧國度向現(xiàn)代石油工業(yè)國的“質(zhì)變”。伴隨石油繁榮和現(xiàn)代化進程的深入,沙特社會也在發(fā)生著由單一結(jié)構(gòu)向多元化轉(zhuǎn)型的相應(yīng)變化。其集中體現(xiàn)是沙特社會中出現(xiàn)了一系列新興的社會階層與精英集團,他們在沙特經(jīng)濟建設(shè)和社會發(fā)展中發(fā)揮著超常作用,成為推動沙特社會物質(zhì)文明和政治變革的動力。毋庸置疑,在沙特王國社會轉(zhuǎn)型過程中,各精英集團發(fā)揮著關(guān)鍵作用,它們推動或制約著沙特社會轉(zhuǎn)型的進程,而社會轉(zhuǎn)型也在深刻影響著沙特精英集團的發(fā)展演變,兩者密切相關(guān),相輔相成。從某種程度上說,沙特王國的社會和政治發(fā)展以及現(xiàn)代化進程主要取決于精英集團的行為決策。因此,對沙特精英集團的研究也是深入探討沙特王國社會轉(zhuǎn)型的有效切入點。 “精英”是一個傳統(tǒng)的政治學(xué)和社會學(xué)概念,人們一般所指的與政治相關(guān)的“精英階層”主要是指那些掌握社會權(quán)力、能夠直接或間接影響國家政策、左右政局的政界商界頭面人物以及由這些人所組成的社會群體。本文所研究的范圍界定在沙特社會轉(zhuǎn)型中參與政治決策或與政治相關(guān)的各個精英集團。 本文試圖對社會轉(zhuǎn)型中的沙特王國精英集團進行全面和系統(tǒng)的研究與探討。這種研究與探討依次從精英集團的形成到分類,再到行為變化和結(jié)構(gòu)特征,最后聚焦于精英集團內(nèi)在的各種互動關(guān)系,及其對沙特社會和王權(quán)政治發(fā)展所產(chǎn)生的正負效應(yīng)。由此勾勒和歸納精英集團嬗變與王權(quán)政治演進的基本規(guī)律和主要特點。這對于研究沙特王國復(fù)雜的政治現(xiàn)象和展望王權(quán)政治未來發(fā)展方向具有現(xiàn)實意義和理論意義,也為觀察沙特社會的變革進程提供一個新的視角。全文共分為六大部分。 緒論部分主要介紹本文選題背景和意義,國內(nèi)外學(xué)術(shù)界關(guān)于沙特王國精英問題研究現(xiàn)狀,最后闡述了研究框架、主要內(nèi)容及創(chuàng)新之處等。 第一章介紹和闡釋西方學(xué)者提出的相關(guān)精英研究的各種理論,批判性地篩選和設(shè)定適用于沙特精英研究的理論基礎(chǔ),同時設(shè)計了三個同心環(huán)的圈層模型,作為研究沙特精英集團問題的基本框架。 第二章論述沙特王國精英集團產(chǎn)生的前提條件和時代背景,在此基礎(chǔ)上,探討其萌生和形成的歷史軌跡,以及引起嬗變的各種內(nèi)外因素和主要特點。 第三章對沙特精英集團從時空上予以劃分和分期研究。它以石油工業(yè)的崛起為分界線：此前,王國傳統(tǒng)精英集團包括王室家族、宗教精英和部落精英；20世紀(jì)70年代以來,新興精英集團脫穎而出,主要涉及商界精英、專家治國者和新伊斯蘭義者。各精英集團伴隨石油繁榮和社會轉(zhuǎn)型,不斷發(fā)展壯大,并開始走上王國的政治舞臺。 第四章探討沙特王國各精英集團之間內(nèi)在的各種互動關(guān)系,剖析沙特王國在社會和政治發(fā)展以及現(xiàn)代化進程中,各精英集團在不同時期扮演角色的變化,以及各自發(fā)揮的重要作用。同時又從不同層面對精英集團進行了多維度的比較研究。 第五章根據(jù)精英集團的結(jié)構(gòu)特征、流變形態(tài)和價值取向等要素,客觀解讀和詮釋了沙特王國精英集團演變的主要特征和規(guī)律,及其面臨的問題。分析了精英集團面臨的挑戰(zhàn)和選擇。 第六章對沙特家族統(tǒng)治、王位繼承、各精英集團的政治影響及王權(quán)政治的現(xiàn)狀與未來進行了總結(jié)和展望。 通過對沙特不同精英集團的研究和分析,可以看出,沙特王國借助石油繁榮,在短短的幾十年內(nèi),將一個傳統(tǒng)的游牧國度迅速轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)代化的石油工業(yè)國。但是,沙特的社會轉(zhuǎn)型主要是通過被稱為“地租性收入”的巨額石油美元換來的,并非出自王國社會內(nèi)在累進的自發(fā)過程,它既沒有經(jīng)歷原始而艱難的創(chuàng)業(yè)積累,也不是自身工業(yè)發(fā)展到一定階段的必然產(chǎn)物。沙特至今尚未形成能夠真正代表先進生產(chǎn)力的社會群體。從整體上看,雖然沙特國民享受著超前的現(xiàn)代物質(zhì)文明,但其意識形態(tài)和價值取向并未擺脫沙特固有的宗教地域特征和根深蒂固的阿拉伯部族傳統(tǒng)的束縛。沙特國民心之深處依然崇尚安拉、血統(tǒng)、部落和權(quán)威,沙特的王權(quán)在某種意義上講,也是同這些因素契合或相通的。 沙特的具體國情使王國不同時期形成的精英集團具有明顯的局限性和脆弱性,沙特王國在本質(zhì)上依然是一個家族占有國家資源,精英集團主導(dǎo)王權(quán)政治的典型案例。故此,沙特王權(quán)未來的發(fā)展演變?nèi)匀粫吡ρ永m(xù)其原有的傳統(tǒng)與保守性,但這并不意味著拘泥于或固化于現(xiàn)有的政治體系。相反,為了確保王權(quán)的長治久安,它需要隨著時光的流逝,不斷地被注入新鮮血液和新的活力,而實現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)的最好途徑就是變革。沙特王權(quán)仍將以緩慢、漸進的方式推進王權(quán)政治的改良與發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The kingdom of Saudi Arabia is an Islamic country, known as the "Islamic leader", and constitute an important influence on regional and international affairs. Since the Second World War, the kingdom of Saudi Arabia has evolved from the traditional nomadic nation to modern petroleum industry's "qualitative". With the oil boom and the development of the modernization, the Saudi society also happened in the corresponding change the transformation from a single structure to diversified. Its reflection is the emergence of a series of new social strata and the elite group in Saudi society, they play a role in the extraordinary economic construction and social development, become a driving force for Saudi society material civilization and political change. There is no doubt that the social transition process in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia in the elite group plays a key role, they promote or restrict the Saudi social transformation process, but also a profound impact on social transformation in Saudi Arabia The development of elite group evolution, the two are closely related to each other. To some extent, the kingdom of Saudi Arabia's social and political development and modernization process mainly depends on the elite group decision-making. Therefore, the research on the Saudi elite group also discussed effective breakthrough point of social transformation. The kingdom of Saudi Arabia
"Elite" is a traditional concept of politics and sociology, people generally refers to the political related "elite" mainly refers to those mastering social power, can directly or indirectly affect the national policy about political and business circles and the protagonist is composed of these people to define the scope of the community. Study on the participation in political decision-making in the social transformation and political or other related elite group.
This paper attempts to make a comprehensive and systematic research and Discussion on the social transformation in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia elite group. This research and discussion from the formation of the elite group to turn to the classification, behavior change and structure characteristics, finally focusing on various interactions between the elite group within the positive and negative effects and social and political development of the Saudi monarchy generated the outline and induction. This elite group of evolution and the basic rules of kingship political evolution and main features. The political phenomenon of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia complex and prospects the future development direction of kingship is of practical significance and theoretical significance, but also provide a new perspective for the observation of Saudi society reform. The thesis is divided into six most of the time.
The introduction mainly introduces the background and significance of this topic, and the current research situation of the elite in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Finally, it expounds the research framework, main contents and innovations.
In the first chapter, we introduce and explain various theories of elite research put forward by western scholars, critically select and set up the theoretical basis for the study of Saudi elite, and design three circle models of concentric rings as the basic framework for the study of Saudi elite group.
The second chapter discusses the prerequisites and background of the emergence of the elite group in Saudi Arabia. On this basis, we discuss the historical track of its initiation and formation, as well as the various internal and external factors and main characteristics of the evolution.
The third chapter of the Saudi elite group from the time to study its classification and staging. The rise of the oil industry as the dividing line: previously, the kingdom of the traditional elite group including the royal family, religious and tribal elite elite; since 1970s, emerging elite talent shows itself mainly relates to the business elite, experts in the country and the new Islamic justice. The elite group with the oil boom and the social transformation, development, and embarked on the Kingdom's political arena.
The interactive relationship between the fourth chapter of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia the elite group, analysis of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia in the social and political development and modernization process, the role of the elite group in different periods, and play their important roles. At the same time from different levels of elite group were studied in various dimensions.
The fifth chapter objectively interprets and interprets the main characteristics and rules of the evolution of the elite group in the light of the structural characteristics, rheological form and value orientation of the elite group, and analyzes the challenges and choices faced by the elite group.
The sixth chapter makes a summary and Prospect of the rule of the Saudi family, the succession of the throne, the political influence of the elite groups and the status and future of the political power of the royal power.
Through the research and analysis of different Saudi elite group can be seen, the kingdom of Saudi Arabia with oil boom in decades, a traditional nomadic nation will quickly turn into modern petroleum industry in China. However, the social transformation is mainly by Saudi Arabia called "rent income" of the huge oil dollar in return, not from the kingdom of society progressive spontaneous process, it is not the original experience and hard entrepreneurial accumulation, not their own industrial development to a certain stage of the inevitable outcome. Saudi Arabia has not yet formed can really represent the advanced productive forces and social groups. On the whole, although Saudi nationals enjoy the modern material civilization advance the shackles of religious geographical features and ingrained but its ideology and value orientation, the Arabia did not get rid of Saudi Arabia inherent tribal tradition. The Saudi national heart deeply The office still advocates Allah, lineage, tribe and authority, and the kingdom of Saudi Arabia is in a sense consistent with or interlinked with these factors.
Specific conditions to form the kingdom of Saudi Arabia in different periods of the elite group has obvious limitations and vulnerability, the kingdom of Saudi Arabia in essence is still a family share of national resources, a typical case of elite group of leading Royal Politics. Therefore, the Saudi monarchy future development will still continue to change the original traditional and conservative. But this does not mean that stick to the existing political system or in the curing. On the contrary, in order to ensure the kingship it needs long period of stability, with the passage of time, is constantly inject fresh blood and new vitality, and the best way to achieve this goal is to change. The Saudi kingship will continue to slow, gradual manner the improvement and development of kingship.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：K384.52

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