本文選題：伯羅奔尼撒戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)　切入點(diǎn)：雅典　出處：《東北師范大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：希臘本土位于巴爾干半島的東南一隅,這里聚集著數(shù)以百計(jì)的城邦,他們之間存在著各種各樣的關(guān)系：軍事同盟關(guān)系、經(jīng)濟(jì)伙伴關(guān)系、母邦與子邦的關(guān)系、鄰邦關(guān)系..每個(gè)城邦都處在由這些關(guān)系組成的復(fù)雜網(wǎng)絡(luò)之中。伯羅奔尼撒戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)(公元前431——公元前404年)是古代希臘最為著名的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)之一,長(zhǎng)達(dá)27年之久,希臘社會(huì)的經(jīng)濟(jì)遭到嚴(yán)重破壞,城邦制度出現(xiàn)危機(jī),此后希臘社會(huì)再無法恢復(fù)到繁榮局面,可謂是古希臘由盛至衰的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。接下來,筆者以雅典為主體,以伯羅奔尼撒戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)為時(shí)間維度來梳理分析相關(guān)的對(duì)外關(guān)系狀況。本文由緒論、正文和結(jié)語三部分組成：緒論主要介紹了伯羅奔尼撒戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)的原因以及國(guó)內(nèi)外研究概況,說明了本文的寫作基礎(chǔ)和論據(jù)來源。正文第一部分主要介紹在伯羅奔尼撒戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)前雅典與各方對(duì)外關(guān)系的狀況。此部分又從雅典與提洛同盟的關(guān)系和雅典與同盟外的關(guān)系兩大方面展開。正文第二部分主要介紹了在伯羅奔尼撒戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中對(duì)外關(guān)系的變動(dòng)。與作為戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)另一方的斯巴達(dá)關(guān)系的變動(dòng)及其重要性自是不必多言。同時(shí)在此階段,提洛同盟內(nèi)部的叛亂也有至關(guān)重要的影響。另外,科林斯、阿爾戈斯以及波斯的動(dòng)向也在很大程度上左右著戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的進(jìn)程。既然各方關(guān)系均有變動(dòng),那么筆者在此也稍稍探討了對(duì)外關(guān)系的影響因素,主要有利益最大化、政治同情、民族同源心理、當(dāng)權(quán)精英的鼓動(dòng)、宗教因素和輿論因素等六個(gè)方面。正文第三部分主要介紹了對(duì)外關(guān)系變動(dòng)對(duì)雅典的影響,這其實(shí)在一定程度上等同于這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)對(duì)雅典的影響。此前的雅典威名赫赫,握有財(cái)富,掌有提洛同盟,邦內(nèi)的商業(yè)貿(mào)易也堪稱發(fā)達(dá)。但在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中,提洛同盟內(nèi)部一些對(duì)雅典的糧食進(jìn)口路線有重要地位的城邦的叛亂,以及雅典與其他非盟邦的關(guān)系的變動(dòng),使得雅典的糧食進(jìn)口道路受阻。面對(duì)戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上的失利,雅典內(nèi)部的統(tǒng)治集團(tuán)斗爭(zhēng)更加激烈,而此兩種情況又使得雅典人的情緒低落,信心驟減,風(fēng)發(fā)不再。結(jié)語部分記述了通過對(duì)對(duì)雅典戰(zhàn)前、戰(zhàn)中、戰(zhàn)后三個(gè)階段對(duì)外關(guān)系變動(dòng)的梳理,對(duì)其影響因素的探究而得出的對(duì)其后果的反思,使我們更加理性明智地看待國(guó)際關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:Greece is located in the southeastern corner of the Balkan Peninsula, where hundreds of city-states have a variety of relationships: military alliances, economic partnerships, mother-states and sub-states. Every city-state is in a complex network of these relationships. The Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC) was one of the most famous wars in ancient Greece for 27 years. The economy of Greek society was seriously destroyed and the city-state system was in crisis. After that, the Greek society was unable to recover to prosperity, which was the turning point from prosperity to decline in ancient Greece. Next, the author took Athens as the main body. Taking the Peloponnesian War as the time dimension, this article is composed of three parts: the introduction, the main body and the conclusion: the introduction mainly introduces the reasons for the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War and the research situation at home and abroad. The first part of the text mainly introduces the external relations between Athens and the parties before the Peloponnesian War. This part also discusses the relationship between Athens and the Tiloh League and the relationship between Athens and other countries. The second part of the text mainly introduces the changes in foreign relations in the Peloponnesian War, and the changes and importance of Spartan relations as the other side of the war. At the same time, at this stage, Insurrections within the Tiloh League also have a vital influence. In addition, the movements of Collins, Argos and Persia have largely shaped the course of the war. Since relations between the parties have changed, Well, here the author also slightly discusses the influence factors on foreign relations, including the maximization of benefits, political sympathy, national homology, and the agitation of the elite in power. Religious factors and public opinion factors, etc. The third part of the text mainly introduces the influence of the changes in foreign relations on Athens, which is actually equivalent to the influence of this war on Athens to a certain extent. At the helm of the Tiloh League, commercial trade in the state was well developed. But during the war, some of the city-states that played an important role in Athens's food import route, and the changes in Athens's relations with other non-allied states, This obstructed the way to food imports in Athens. In the face of the defeat in the battlefield, the struggle between the ruling cliques in Athens became more intense, and both conditions caused the Athenians to be depressed and their confidence plummeted. The conclusion part describes the reflection on the consequences of the changes in the foreign relations between the three stages of the war before and during the war, and through the exploration of the influencing factors. It makes us look at international relations more rationally and wisely.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：D819;K125

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