本文選題：亞歷山大　切入點：東方政策　出處：《華中師范大學》2009年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】： 亞歷山大是人類歷史上最偉大的征服者之一,從公元前334年到公元前323年,亞歷山大通過軍事征服建立了一個橫跨歐、亞、非三大洲的大帝國。在東征過程中,亞歷山大對被征服地區(qū)的態(tài)度、對帝國的管理方式以及亞歷山大的征服目標等等,無不體現(xiàn)在其東方政策上。本文以亞歷山大的征服路線為綱,將亞歷山大的東方政策分為四個階段:從小亞細亞到埃及為泛希臘復仇政策宣傳階段、從美索不達米亞到波斯波利斯為東方政策的轉折階段、在中亞和北印度為“亞洲之王”階段、西歸途中為專制君主階段。 從小亞細亞到埃及這一階段,亞歷山大打著報復波斯、解放希臘的旗號在小亞細亞的占領城市推翻僭主、建立民主,進行了泛希臘宣傳,極力為這場侵略戰(zhàn)爭塑造正義性;從美索不達米亞到波斯波利斯,亞歷山大在高伽美拉戰(zhàn)役中大敗大流士,并以一種異乎尋常的方式——將波斯波利斯付之一炬,宣告了波斯帝國的滅亡和復仇戰(zhàn)爭的結束;在中亞和北印度,鑒于地形和氣候的特殊性以及客觀形勢的變化,亞歷山大采取了與當?shù)貦噘F合流的政策,為實現(xiàn)亞洲之王的野心奠定了基礎;在西歸途中,為了強化個人的絕對權力,亞歷山大的東方化傾向更加嚴重。在軍隊中,亞歷山大大量招募東方人入伍,并給予他們較高的職位;在禮儀方面,亞歷山大大力仿效波斯帝王。同時,在蘇撒舉行了馬其頓人和伊朗婦女的大型集體婚禮;公元前324年,亞歷山大借著東方人的支持,鎮(zhèn)壓了馬其頓軍隊在歐皮斯的暴動。西歸途中種種跡象表明,亞歷山大的王權已經大大強化,他已經由原先的馬其頓國王變成帝國的專制君主了。 綜觀亞歷山大在征服當中的東方政策,其實質是一步一步加強其個人權力的過程�？梢�,在東方政策上,亞歷山大是一個實用主義者。但是,亞歷山大本人也不乏英雄主義情結,例如:國王把自己比作特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭中的英雄阿喀硫斯,并不斷地與狄奧尼索斯比附等。因此,筆者認為,在東方政策上,亞歷山大是一個懷著英雄情結的實用主義者。
[Abstract]:Alexander was one of the greatest conquerors in human history. From 334 BC to 323 BC, Alexander built a great empire across Europe, Asia and Africa through military conquest. Alexander's attitude towards the conquered region, his management of the empire and his conquest objectives are all reflected in his oriental policy. Alexander's oriental policy is divided into four stages: from Asia minor to Egypt for the pan-Greek revenge policy propaganda stage, from Mesopotamia to Persepolis as the turning point of the oriental policy. In Central Asia and North India for the "king of Asia" stage, the return to the west for the despotic stage. From Asia minor to Egypt, Alexander took revenge against Persia, liberated Greece in the name of overthrowing tyrants in the occupied cities of Asia minor, established democracy, carried out pan-Greek propaganda, and tried to create justice for this war of aggression. From Mesopotamia to Persepolis, Alexander defeated Darius at the Battle of Gogamela and, in an unusual way, set Persepolis on fire, declaring the end of the Persian Empire and the war of vengeance; In Central Asia and North India, in view of the particularity of the terrain and climate and the changes in the objective situation, Alexander adopted a policy of confluence with local dignitaries, laying the foundation for the realization of the ambition of the king of Asia; on his way back to the west, In order to strengthen the absolute power of the individual, Alexander's tendency towards Orientalization became more serious. In the army, Alexander recruited Orientals in large numbers and gave them higher positions; in ceremonial terms, Alexander followed the example of the Persian emperor. At the same time, he held a large mass wedding of Macedonian and Iranian women in Sousa; in 324 BC, Alexander took advantage of the support of the Orientals. After repressing the Macedonian army's uprising in Oppis, there were signs on the way back to the west that Alexander's Wang Quan had intensified greatly, and that he had changed from the Macedonian king to an imperial autocratic monarch. The essence of Alexander's oriental policy during the conquest was a process of strengthening his personal power step by step. It can be seen that Alexander was a pragmatist in oriental policy. Alexander himself did not lack heroism, for example: the king likened himself to the hero of the Trojan War, Achatius, and constantly compared himself to Dionysus. Alexander was a pragmatist with a heroic complex.
【學位授予單位】：華中師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：K124

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相關期刊論文 前5條

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