發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-02 15:40

  本文選題：干部　切入點(diǎn)：干部制度　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2006年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：蘇聯(lián)干部制度是蘇聯(lián)政治制度的核心，是一黨執(zhí)政體制下權(quán)力高度集中的組織保障。干部制度的產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展和變化是蘇聯(lián)重要的政治進(jìn)程之一，也是正確認(rèn)識(shí)和理解蘇聯(lián)興亡歷史的關(guān)鍵之一。本文以蘇聯(lián)干部制度的歷史發(fā)展為線索，研究蘇聯(lián)干部制度確立、發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)及其運(yùn)作機(jī)制，探究蘇聯(lián)干部制度在高度集中的權(quán)力機(jī)制中的作用，進(jìn)而分析蘇聯(lián)干部制度產(chǎn)生的社會(huì)影響。 蘇聯(lián)干部制度是在高度集中制的制度基礎(chǔ)上產(chǎn)生的，布爾什維克黨建黨的組織結(jié)構(gòu)和組織形式奠定了蘇聯(lián)干部制度的雛形。布爾什維克黨執(zhí)掌政權(quán)以后不久，確立了一黨執(zhí)政的執(zhí)政模式，黨內(nèi)權(quán)力高度集中，黨外的權(quán)力也向黨內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)移，黨掌握了國(guó)家和社會(huì)的所有權(quán)力，高度集權(quán)的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)體制開始形成。在布爾什維克黨執(zhí)政初期，干部任命制原則就開始取代民主選舉制原則，權(quán)力高度集中的干部任命機(jī)關(guān)建立起來(lái)，高度集中的干部任命方式逐漸定型。作為政治制度的核心部分，干部制度成為黨獲取和控制權(quán)力的重要組織手段。 國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束后，隨著一黨執(zhí)政地位的確立，干部的全面任命制事實(shí)上完全取代了形式上的民主選舉制，在最初的干部動(dòng)員、登記、分配工作的基礎(chǔ)上，干部任命工作更趨于系統(tǒng)化和規(guī)范化。斯大林成為黨的總書記以后，對(duì)中央書記處進(jìn)行改組，擴(kuò)大中央機(jī)關(guān)的編制和權(quán)力，控制黨的組織權(quán)力和干部任命權(quán)力，進(jìn)而控制了黨的機(jī)關(guān)，并將他關(guān)于黨的組織工作和干部工作的理念具體化，，逐步建立了黨和國(guó)家高度集中的干部任命制度——官職等級(jí)名錄制。官職等級(jí)名錄是包括蘇聯(lián)黨、國(guó)家和社會(huì)團(tuán)體中最重要職務(wù)及任職干部的名錄清單，黨的各級(jí)機(jī)關(guān)編制官職等級(jí)名錄，對(duì)擔(dān)任重要職位的干部進(jìn)行預(yù)先審查、選拔推薦、批準(zhǔn)任命。官職等級(jí)名錄制的實(shí)質(zhì)在于，黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)機(jī)關(guān)自上而下控制著國(guó)家所有領(lǐng)域干部的任命。作為一種掌握干部、控制機(jī)關(guān)、把握權(quán)力的機(jī)制，官職等級(jí)名錄制構(gòu)成蘇聯(lián)干部制度的核心。斯大林通過(guò)黨內(nèi)斗爭(zhēng)和政治清洗的方式，清除了反對(duì)派，獲取了凌駕于黨和國(guó)家之上的至高權(quán)力，在此過(guò)程中，以官職等級(jí)名錄制為核心的蘇聯(lián)干部制度最終成為斯大林攫取權(quán)力的重要政治工具。 在后斯大林時(shí)期，赫魯曉夫?qū)μK聯(lián)干部制度進(jìn)行改革，實(shí)行干部輪換制和任期制，但高度集權(quán)的國(guó)家體制沒有改變，干部工作中的官職等級(jí)名錄制始終主導(dǎo)著蘇聯(lián)的干部制度，赫魯曉夫的改革無(wú)果而終，隨之蘇聯(lián)干部制度在勃列日涅夫時(shí)期陷于保守、僵化的狀態(tài)。在缺乏對(duì)干部工作實(shí)施有效監(jiān)督的情況下，干部制度的弊端全面顯現(xiàn)出來(lái)，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部職務(wù)終身制、干部隊(duì)伍老化、干部特權(quán)擴(kuò)大等最終導(dǎo)致在蘇聯(lián)出現(xiàn)一個(gè)保守封閉的官僚特權(quán)階層。官僚特權(quán)階層利用戈?duì)柊蛦谭蚋母飼r(shí)期的混亂局面，侵占國(guó)家財(cái)產(chǎn)，建立了權(quán)力與特權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)移體系，從內(nèi)部瓦
[Abstract]:The cadre system is the core of the political system of the Soviet Union, one party system is highly centralized power of the organization. The cadre system, development and change is one of the important political process of the Soviet Union, one of the key is the correct understanding of the history of Soviet Union. In this paper, based on the historical development of the cadre system as a clue, the establishment of Soviet the cadre system, basis and operation mechanism of development, explore the cadre system in the highly centralized power mechanism in the role, and then analyzes the social impact of the Soviet cadre system.
The cadre system is generated in the system based on the highly centralized, the Bolshevik party organization structure and organization established the rudiment of the Soviet cadre system. After the Bolshevik Party came into power, the establishment of the ruling mode of one party, party power is highly concentrated, furthermore the power transfer to the party, the party has all the power of the state and society, highly centralized political, economic and social system began to form. In the early years of the Bolshevik party, the cadre appointment system principle began to replace the democratic election system principle, the highly centralized power to appoint cadres organs set up a highly centralized cadre appointment gradually stereotypes. As a core part of political system, cadre system a party to acquire and control the power of the important means.
After the civil war, with the establishment of party ruling status, cadres of the full appointment system in fact completely replaced by the form of the democratic election system, mobilization, registration in the initial allocation is based on the work of cadres, cadres appointment work more systematic and standardized. After Stalin became the general secretary of the party, restructuring the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee, the central authority and power to expand the control of the party's organizational power and power so as to control the appointment of cadres, Party organs, and he will be on the party organization and cadres of the concept of concrete, the party and the country gradually established a highly centralized cadre appointment system: nomenklature. Nomenklature was the Soviet party, the most important position in national and social groups and cadres serving the party organs at all levels of the directory list, compiled the nomenklature, to hold important positions in the dry Department of pre review, selection and recommendation, approved the appointment of nomenklature. The essence is that the leading organs of the party state in all areas of top-down control of cadres appointment. As a master of cadres, control organs, grasp the power mechanism, the nomenklature system constitute the core of the cadre system. Through party struggle and Stalin the political cleaning way, clear the opposition, get over the party and the country's supreme power, in this process, with nomenklature as the core of the cadre system eventually became an important political tool of Stalin power grab.
In the post Stalin period, Khrushchev on the reform of the cadre system, the implementation of cadres appointment and tenure system, but the highly centralized state system has not changed, in the work of cadres nomenklature always dominate the Soviet cadre system reform, Khrushchev fruitless, along with the cadre system in the period of Brezhnev was conservative. Rigid state. In the absence of effective supervision of cadres work, shortcomings of the cadre system fully manifested, life-long tenure of leading cadres, cadres and cadres privilege to expand aging, eventually lead to a conservative and closed Privileged Bureaucratic stratum in the Soviet Union. By Gorbachev during the reform of bureaucratic privilege confusion, embezzlement the property of the state, set up power and privilege transfer system, from the interior tile

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類號(hào)】：K512.5

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 劉彥昌;;列寧“職業(yè)革命家”思想的真諦與領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部奉獻(xiàn)精神的永續(xù)[J];中共中央黨校學(xué)報(bào);2013年01期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前4條

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相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

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本文編號(hào)：1557132