本文關(guān)鍵詞： 美國(guó) 日本 地緣政治 結(jié)盟戰(zhàn)略 美日同盟　出處：《西北師范大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 1945年,日本在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)中投降,美軍獨(dú)占了日本本土,美日關(guān)系進(jìn)入了一個(gè)新時(shí)代。日本優(yōu)越的地緣戰(zhàn)略位置和雄厚的實(shí)力基礎(chǔ)引起了美國(guó)的足夠重視。戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束前后,美國(guó)以遏制日本軍國(guó)主義復(fù)活為目標(biāo),采取了肢解日本帝國(guó)、懲辦戰(zhàn)犯、推行民主改造等積極措施。但伴隨著冷戰(zhàn)格局的形成和亞太形勢(shì)的變化,美國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)以遏制共產(chǎn)主義勢(shì)力為主要目標(biāo),改削弱日本為復(fù)興日本,對(duì)日奉行結(jié)盟戰(zhàn)略,將日本拉入西方冷戰(zhàn)陣營(yíng),成為美國(guó)在亞太地區(qū)的反共堡壘。美國(guó)的對(duì)日結(jié)盟戰(zhàn)略深遠(yuǎn)地影響了戰(zhàn)后國(guó)際關(guān)系格局,是國(guó)際關(guān)系史研究的重要課題。本文依據(jù)地緣政治學(xué)理論,從“戰(zhàn)略研究”的視角,對(duì)戰(zhàn)后初期的美國(guó)對(duì)日結(jié)盟戰(zhàn)略作了較為詳細(xì)的探析。 全文分四部分,各部分內(nèi)容大致如下: 第一部分簡(jiǎn)要回顧了戰(zhàn)前的美日關(guān)系史。指出美日兩國(guó)都為海權(quán)大國(guó),存在著爭(zhēng)奪東亞和太平洋霸權(quán)的結(jié)構(gòu)性戰(zhàn)略矛盾。日本優(yōu)越的地緣戰(zhàn)略位置是其天然的戰(zhàn)略資源,為美國(guó)所重視。美國(guó)在反法西斯的旗幟下,擊敗了日本,獨(dú)占了日本本土、肢解了日本帝國(guó)、懲辦日本戰(zhàn)犯、在日推行民主改造,這些行動(dòng)有利于肅清日本軍國(guó)主義勢(shì)力,也為美國(guó)奪取太平洋霸權(quán)奠定了基礎(chǔ)。 第二部分從宏觀戰(zhàn)略取向著眼,指出伴隨著冷戰(zhàn)格局的形成和亞太國(guó)際形勢(shì)的巨變,美國(guó)對(duì)日政策轉(zhuǎn)懲罰為扶植,決心將日本作為亞太地區(qū)的反共堡壘。日本方面采取了親美一邊倒的政策,為美國(guó)的結(jié)盟戰(zhàn)略提供了便利。 第三部分從微觀核心問(wèn)題入手,探討了美國(guó)對(duì)日結(jié)盟戰(zhàn)略的關(guān)鍵部分——日本領(lǐng)土上的武裝力量問(wèn)題。美方力爭(zhēng)媾和后美國(guó)在日的駐軍權(quán),并要求日本實(shí)現(xiàn)重新武裝以分擔(dān)美軍的防衛(wèi)負(fù)擔(dān)。日方基本滿足了美方的要求,從而最終為美日結(jié)盟鋪平了道路。 第四部分?jǐn)⑹隽嗣绹?guó)一手操辦的舊金山對(duì)日和會(huì)和美日訂立盟約的史實(shí)。從地緣政治學(xué)的角度透視了美日結(jié)盟的全過(guò)程。
[Abstract]:In 1945, when Japan surrendered in the second World War, the US military monopolized the Japanese mainland, and US-Japan relations entered a new era. Japan's superior geo-strategic position and strong power base attracted sufficient attention from the United States. Before and after the end of the war, With the goal of containing the resurgence of Japanese militarism, the United States has taken positive measures such as dismembering the Japanese empire, punishing war criminals, and promoting democratic transformation. However, with the formation of the cold war pattern and the changes in the Asia-Pacific situation, The main goal of the United States is to contain communist forces, to weaken Japan to revive Japan, to pursue a strategy of alliance with Japan, and to draw Japan into the Western Cold War camp. The United States' strategy of alliance with Japan has profoundly affected the pattern of postwar international relations and is an important subject in the study of the history of international relations. This paper, based on the theory of geopolitics and from the perspective of "strategic research", has become the anti-Communist bastion of the United States in the Asia-Pacific region. This paper makes a detailed analysis of the alliance strategy between the United States and Japan in the early postwar period. The full text is divided into four parts, and the contents of each part are as follows:. The first part briefly reviews the history of US-Japan relations before the war. It is pointed out that both the United States and Japan are major maritime powers, and there are structural strategic contradictions for hegemony in East Asia and the Pacific. Japan's superior geo-strategic position is its natural strategic resource. The United States attaches great importance to it. Under the banner of anti-fascism, the United States defeated Japan, monopolized the Japanese mainland, dismembered the Japanese Empire, punished Japanese war criminals, and carried out democratic reforms in Japan. These actions are conducive to the elimination of Japanese militarist forces. It also laid the foundation for the US to seize Pacific hegemony. The second part points out that with the formation of the Cold War pattern and the great changes in the Asia-Pacific international situation, the policy of the United States toward Japan has shifted to punishment. Determined to see Japan as an anti-Communist bastion in the Asia-Pacific region, Japan has adopted a one-sided, pro-American policy that has facilitated the United States' alliance strategy. The third part, starting with the micro core issues, discusses the issue of the armed forces in Japanese territory, a key part of the United States' alliance strategy with Japan. The United States strives to make peace with the United States' right of garrison in Japan after making peace. And demanded that Japan rearm to share the defense burden of the US military. Japan basically satisfied the demands of the US side, which eventually paved the way for an alliance between the United States and Japan. The 4th part narrates the historical facts of the San Francisco Peace Conference and the alliance between the United States and Japan, which is run by the United States, and looks into the whole process of the alliance between the United States and Japan from the perspective of geopolitics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：K712.5

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