本文關(guān)鍵詞： 美國 格蘭特 軍事思想　出處：《山東師范大學(xué)》2007年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 本文主要闡述了如下內(nèi)容: 19世紀(jì)60年代,歷時(shí)近五年的美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)涌現(xiàn)出一批杰出的軍官,他們以南方的羅伯特·李和北方的尤利塞斯·格蘭特為代表。羅伯特·李被譽(yù)為美國歷史上最杰出的軍事家之一,有許多學(xué)者為其著書立說,相比較而言,格蘭特沒有引起人們的足夠重視,本文試圖闡述其軍事思想的要略。 格蘭特的軍事思想的萌芽時(shí)期是美墨戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),這是格蘭特首次接受戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的洗禮,通過這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),格蘭特對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)有了更加感性的認(rèn)識(shí),為其后軍事思想的成熟奠定了基礎(chǔ)。 美墨戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后,格蘭特在短暫退役后,經(jīng)歷了一連串失敗的打擊,但這完全不影響他在即將到來的美國南北戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中一戰(zhàn)成名。 美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)期間,新武器、新通訊工具和新交通工具被廣泛應(yīng)用,戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)方式也從有限戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榭傮w戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),被稱為第一次近代戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。格蘭特的軍事思想正是在美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)期間成熟,使其在軍事史上具有重要的地位。 其軍事思想主要由戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)觀、戰(zhàn)略思想、戰(zhàn)術(shù)思想和軍隊(duì)組織原則組成。格蘭特具有敏銳的判斷力,能夠認(rèn)識(shí)到戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的正義與否,認(rèn)為美墨戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是美國恃強(qiáng)凌弱的非正義戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),認(rèn)為美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)聯(lián)邦終將取得勝利。 戰(zhàn)略上,格蘭特在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中把總體戰(zhàn)作為指導(dǎo)戰(zhàn)略,同時(shí)運(yùn)用了殲滅戰(zhàn)略和靈活反應(yīng)戰(zhàn)略,并對(duì)敵方人民采取了恐怖心里戰(zhàn)略,從而糾正了戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)初期聯(lián)邦在戰(zhàn)略上的決策失誤。 戰(zhàn)術(shù)上,格蘭特獨(dú)創(chuàng)了無條件投降原則,對(duì)敵人展開了封鎖和不間斷打擊,發(fā)展了散兵陣線和迂回包抄的運(yùn)動(dòng)戰(zhàn)術(shù)。 在軍隊(duì)組織建設(shè)方面,格蘭特采用了務(wù)實(shí)的用人原則,任用真正會(huì)打仗的士兵擔(dān)任軍官,提倡征召黑人士兵。 通過格蘭特一系列務(wù)實(shí)、有效的措施,美國聯(lián)邦軍隊(duì)最終戰(zhàn)勝了南方叛亂分子,維護(hù)了國家的統(tǒng)一。 文章結(jié)尾總結(jié)了格蘭特軍事思想的原則,并指出了其不足之處。
[Abstract]:The main contents of this paper are as follows:. In 1860s, a group of outstanding military officers emerged in the American Civil War, which lasted nearly five years. They are represented by Robert Lee of the South and Ulysses Grant of the North. Robert Lee is known as one of the greatest military strategists in American history, and many scholars have written books for him. Grant did not attract enough attention. Grant's military thought was born in the war between America and Mexico. It was the first time that Grant accepted the baptism of war. Through this war, Grant had a more perceptual understanding of war, which laid the foundation for the maturation of military thought. Grant suffered a series of defeats after his brief retirement from the Mexican War, but that did not make him famous in the upcoming Civil War. During the American Civil War, new weapons, new means of communication and new means of transportation were widely used, and the mode of warfare changed from a limited war to a general war. Known as the first modern war, Grant's military thought matured during the American Civil War, giving it an important place in military history. His military thoughts are mainly composed of war views, strategic ideas, tactical ideas and military organization principles. Grant has a keen sense of judgment and is able to recognize the justice of the war. He thinks that the US-Mexico war is an unjust war of America's bullying. It was believed that the Union would win the Civil War. Strategically, Grant took the general war as the guiding strategy in the war, used the strategy of annihilation and flexible response, and adopted the psychological strategy of terror to the enemy people, thus rectifying the strategic mistakes made by the Federation in the early days of the war. Tactically, Grant pioneered the principle of unconditional surrender, launched a blockade and uninterrupted strike against the enemy, and developed foxlines and detour tactics. In the building of the army, Grant adopted the pragmatic principle of employing soldiers who could really fight as officers and advocated the recruitment of black soldiers. Through a series of pragmatic and effective measures by Grant, the United States Federal Army finally defeated the southern rebels and upheld the unity of the country. At the end of this paper, the principles of Grant's military thought are summarized and its shortcomings are pointed out.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號(hào)】：K712.4;E712.9

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 宋政華;格蘭特的和平政策初探[D];山東師范大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號(hào)：1540943