本文關(guān)鍵詞： 冷戰(zhàn) 杜魯門政府 希臘 英國(guó) 蘇聯(lián)　出處：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 二戰(zhàn)后美蘇由于意識(shí)形態(tài)、社會(huì)制度的尖銳對(duì)立和國(guó)家利益的矛盾,同盟關(guān)系破裂,雙方逐漸走上了冷戰(zhàn)的爭(zhēng)奪之路。巴爾干半島由于其突出的戰(zhàn)略地位,成為冷戰(zhàn)的始發(fā)地。英國(guó)由于實(shí)力不逮自動(dòng)從希臘“退出”,美國(guó)為了對(duì)其承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的義務(wù),使這個(gè)西方文明起源的近東國(guó)家,再次回到人們的視野當(dāng)中,成為冷戰(zhàn)角逐的第一戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)。本文試圖以希臘內(nèi)戰(zhàn)和美國(guó)對(duì)蘇聯(lián)共產(chǎn)主義“擴(kuò)張”的遏制戰(zhàn)略為切入點(diǎn),大量運(yùn)用國(guó)家安全委員會(huì)、中央情報(bào)局等原始檔案材料,詳細(xì)論述杜魯門政府時(shí)期美國(guó)對(duì)希臘在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、軍事方面的政策,以期探究其特點(diǎn)、實(shí)質(zhì)、后果、影響,并管窺這一時(shí)期的冷戰(zhàn)狀態(tài),深化冷戰(zhàn)史的研究。 文章分為四個(gè)部分: 第一部分“涉足希臘”,側(cè)重介紹希臘前兩次內(nèi)戰(zhàn),以及英國(guó)在二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束前后對(duì)希臘的援助和干涉。這一時(shí)期,美國(guó)只是通過(guò)援助初步介入希臘,蘇聯(lián)也重在保護(hù)自己在東歐的勢(shì)力范圍。與這兩個(gè)國(guó)家不同,英國(guó)這一時(shí)期在希臘歷史上扮演著舉足輕重的角色,不僅向其提供援助,還牢牢控制著希臘內(nèi)政,影響內(nèi)戰(zhàn)的發(fā)展。 第二部分“拯救希臘”是本文的重點(diǎn)。英國(guó)在1947年退出時(shí),已經(jīng)挑選美國(guó)作為其“繼承人”,繼續(xù)承擔(dān)對(duì)希臘的各項(xiàng)義務(wù)。杜魯門政府利用這次絕好的機(jī)會(huì),推出“杜魯門主義”,將東西方的對(duì)抗公開(kāi),標(biāo)志著冷戰(zhàn)的全面展開(kāi)。美國(guó)政府的目標(biāo)是幫助希臘經(jīng)濟(jì)重建、避免其落入蘇聯(lián)共產(chǎn)黨之手,于是借助美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)使團(tuán)和軍事使團(tuán)在希臘的活動(dòng),通過(guò)經(jīng)濟(jì)援助和軍事援助,不斷地、更深層次地卷入希臘內(nèi)政的各個(gè)方面,加強(qiáng)對(duì)其的控制和干涉。這一部分重在利用美國(guó)國(guó)家安全委員會(huì)、中央情報(bào)局和美國(guó)對(duì)外關(guān)系文件等原始檔案資料,全面揭示美國(guó)對(duì)希臘政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、軍事方面的干涉和控制。 第三部分“復(fù)興希臘”。在美國(guó)的鼎力支持下,希臘政府軍最終取得勝利,為希臘經(jīng)濟(jì)重建創(chuàng)造了良好的條件。然而,鑒于東西方的爭(zhēng)奪日趨激烈,杜魯門政府調(diào)整之前削減對(duì)希臘援助的政策,繼續(xù)強(qiáng)化希臘在其全球戰(zhàn)略中的重要地位,力促希臘加入北約。 第四部分是結(jié)束語(yǔ),總結(jié)了美國(guó)對(duì)希臘政策的特點(diǎn):美國(guó)對(duì)希臘的政策經(jīng)歷了由經(jīng)濟(jì)援助向軍事援助轉(zhuǎn)變這個(gè)過(guò)程;同時(shí),美國(guó)著手在全球積極構(gòu)建遏制共產(chǎn)主義威脅的防線。從遏制共產(chǎn)主義對(duì)希臘的威脅、以及將其納入西方陣營(yíng)整個(gè)過(guò)程來(lái)看,美國(guó)還是成功實(shí)現(xiàn)了自己的目標(biāo),而且以援助之名進(jìn)行干涉之實(shí)的外交模式,為美國(guó)后來(lái)的冷戰(zhàn)政策提供了一個(gè)成功的范例。
[Abstract]:After World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union broke down because of the sharp opposition between ideology, social system and national interests, and the two sides gradually embarked on the path of the Cold War. The Balkans, due to their prominent strategic position, It became the origin of the Cold War. Because of Britain's inability to automatically "withdraw" from Greece, the United States, in order to assume corresponding obligations towards it, brought this near Eastern country, which originated from Western civilization, back to the eyes of the people again. As the first battlefield in the Cold War contest, this paper attempts to use the original archives such as the National Security Council and the Central Intelligence Agency as the starting point of the Greek Civil War and the American containment strategy of the Soviet communist "expansion". This paper discusses in detail the political, economic and military policies of the United States towards Greece during the Truman Administration, in order to explore its characteristics, substance, consequences and influences, and to probe into the cold war state of this period and deepen the research on the history of the cold war. The article is divided into four parts:. The first part, "get into Greece," focuses on Greece's first two civil wars and Britain's aid and intervention in Greece around the end of World War II. During this period, the United States only initially intervened in Greece through aid. The Soviet Union also focused on protecting its sphere of influence in Eastern Europe. Unlike these two countries, Britain played a pivotal role in the history of Greece, not only by providing it with aid, but also by firmly controlling the internal affairs of Greece. Influence the development of the civil war. The second part, "Save Greece," is the focus of this article. When Britain withdrew in 1947, it had chosen the United States as its "successor" to continue its obligations to Greece. The Truman government took advantage of this excellent opportunity. The launch of Truman Doctrine, which made the confrontation between East and West public, marked the full start of the cold war. The goal of the United States government was to help Greece rebuild its economy and avoid falling into the hands of the Soviet Communist Party. Thus, with the help of the activities of the US economic and military missions in Greece, through economic and military assistance, they are constantly and deeply involved in all aspects of Greece's internal affairs. This part focuses on the use of the original archives such as the National Security Council, the Central Intelligence Agency and the United States foreign relations documents to comprehensively reveal American interference and control over Greek politics, economy, and military affairs. Part three, "Revival of Greece". With the great support of the United States, the Greek government forces finally won, creating favorable conditions for the economic reconstruction of Greece. However, in view of the increasingly fierce competition between the East and the West, The Truman government adjusted its previous policy of cutting aid to Greece, continued to strengthen Greece's role in its global strategy and urged Greece to join NATO. The 4th part is the concluding remarks, which summarizes the characteristics of American policy towards Greece: the policy of the United States towards Greece has undergone a process of transition from economic aid to military aid; at the same time, The United States has embarked on a global campaign to build a defense line against the threat of communism. From the point of view of containing the threat of communism to Greece and the whole process of including it in the Western camp, the United States has succeeded in achieving its goals. Moreover, the diplomatic model of intervention in the name of aid provided a successful example for the later Cold War policy of the United States.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：K712.54

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 崔建立;冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期富布萊特項(xiàng)目與美國(guó)文化外交[D];東北師范大學(xué);2011年

，

本文編號(hào)：1537589