本文關(guān)鍵詞： 中國 印度 比較 改革　出處：《山西大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：中國和印度是世界上最大的兩個發(fā)展中國家,兩國國情相似,經(jīng)歷基本相同。20世紀(jì)70年代末80年代初,中印兩國先后開啟了經(jīng)濟(jì)改革歷程。兩國在改革前很長一段時間實行前蘇聯(lián)高度集中的計劃經(jīng)濟(jì)體制,都重視發(fā)展重工業(yè),扶植公營企業(yè)的發(fā)展。兩國有著相似的改革背景。 中印兩國都選擇了漸進(jìn)式的改革模式,主要通過對本國經(jīng)濟(jì)的市場化改革、扶植私營經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、對國有企業(yè)進(jìn)行改革、實行對外開放等措施來發(fā)展本國經(jīng)濟(jì)。但同時,兩國的經(jīng)濟(jì)改革又各有特點。中國有力的宏觀調(diào)控政策、發(fā)達(dá)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、制造業(yè)為主的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長方式、由農(nóng)村向城市、由地區(qū)試點到全國推廣等特征成為中國經(jīng)濟(jì)改革取得成功的主要原因。而印度發(fā)展完善的金融制度、高度發(fā)達(dá)的信息服務(wù)業(yè)、與市場相結(jié)合的特色教育、充滿活力的私營企業(yè)、強(qiáng)勁的內(nèi)需消費等特征則成為印度經(jīng)濟(jì)改革取得成功的關(guān)鍵所在。 中印兩國經(jīng)濟(jì)改革取得極大成就的同時,伴隨著改革的深入也產(chǎn)生了一些不容忽視的問題。如資源環(huán)境危機(jī)、效率與公平問題及經(jīng)濟(jì)上的腐敗等。具體到中國,則還面臨著完善金融體制改革、擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需、發(fā)展知識經(jīng)濟(jì)等具體的問題。而印度也面臨著宏觀調(diào)控不力、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施落后、對外經(jīng)濟(jì)疲軟等發(fā)展難題。 本文通過比較研究,指出兩國經(jīng)濟(jì)改革各具特色、各有優(yōu)勢,存在很大的優(yōu)勢互補(bǔ)性、經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn)和借鑒性。兩國未來可以通過緊密的合作獲得更快、更好的發(fā)展,進(jìn)而為世界的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展做出貢獻(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:China and India are the two largest developing countries in the world. Their national conditions are similar and their experiences are basically the same. China and India have started the process of economic reform. Long before the reform, the two countries implemented the highly centralized planned economic system of the former Soviet Union, and both attached importance to the development of heavy industry and supported the development of public enterprises. The two countries have similar reform backgrounds. Both China and India have chosen a gradual reform model, mainly through the market-oriented reform of their own economies, the development of the private sector, the reform of state-owned enterprises, and the implementation of measures such as opening up to the outside world to develop their own economies. But at the same time, The economic reforms of the two countries have their own characteristics. China has a strong macroeconomic control policy, developed infrastructure, and a mode of economic growth dominated by manufacturing, from rural to urban areas. The main reasons for the success of China's economic reform are characterized by regional pilot projects to national popularization. India has developed a sound financial system, a highly developed information service industry, a characteristic education combined with the market, and a vibrant private enterprise. Strong domestic consumption and other characteristics are the key to the success of India's economic reform. Along with the great achievements made in the economic reform of China and India, along with the deepening of the reform, some problems can not be ignored, such as the crisis of resources and environment, the problems of efficiency and fairness, and economic corruption. India is also faced with such specific problems as improving the financial system, expanding domestic demand and developing a knowledge-based economy, while India is also faced with development problems such as weak macroeconomic control, backward infrastructure and weak foreign economy. Through comparative study, this paper points out that the economic reform of the two countries has its own characteristics, each has its own advantages, there are great complementarities of advantages, experiences, lessons learned and lessons learned, and the two countries can achieve faster and better development through close cooperation in the future. And then contribute to the economic development of the world.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K27;K351;F119

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