本文關鍵詞： 越南 現(xiàn)代化 進程　出處：《云南大學》2011年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：作為一種歷史必然性,現(xiàn)代化是一切后發(fā)國家擺脫落后形成現(xiàn)代國家的必然進程。任何國家的現(xiàn)代化,都是從本國的歷史條件、文化傳統(tǒng)和社會制度出發(fā),同時吸收外部的積極因素追求有本國特色的現(xiàn)代化價值取向的道路。越南作為一個后發(fā)國家,其現(xiàn)代化從啟動、發(fā)展、對模式的探索和轉型且充滿了艱辛和曲折。1858年越南成為法國殖民地后被卷入了世界現(xiàn)代化性大潮。1945年越南在印支共的領導下獲得了民族獨立后開始了對現(xiàn)代化道路的探索,但由于種種原因直到1986年實施革新開放以來現(xiàn)代化才走上正確的道路。研究該國的現(xiàn)代化進程具有重大的理論和實踐意義,有助于我們對發(fā)展中國家現(xiàn)代化問題和實施趕超型戰(zhàn)略的理解,總結發(fā)展中國家探索現(xiàn)代化道路的一般規(guī)律。通過對越南的個案分析,有助于豐富發(fā)展中國家現(xiàn)代化實踐與理論范式的研究,對學科建設也有一定意義。為一些后發(fā)國家探索一條較成功的現(xiàn)代化道路可起到一定的借鑒作用。本文綜合運用歷史學、科學社會主義理論、中國和西方現(xiàn)代化理論等理論對越南1945年以來的現(xiàn)代化歷史進程及其特點、成就問題與經(jīng)驗教訓、現(xiàn)代化水平、模式及走向進行了研究。 本文由緒論和正文的第一至第十章和結語構成。 緒論主要討論本論文選題及有關概念的界定、研究意義、研究現(xiàn)狀、研究的重點、難點和創(chuàng)新點、研究方法和論文結構安排等。 第一章討論了越南現(xiàn)代化啟動的歷史背景(1858-1945年)。國際背景是18世紀后期到20世紀初,由英國工業(yè)革命開始的世界現(xiàn)代化進程使許多前資本主義國家成為西歐的殖民地和附屬國。國內背景是法國入侵和殖民統(tǒng)治對越南的傳統(tǒng)社會造成了巨大的沖擊,使其發(fā)生分化和重組,從根本上改變了在“王朝循環(huán)”模式支配下的封建王朝的歷史方向,越南被強行納入資本主義世界體系。在“衰敗化”和“邊緣化”沖擊下,越南在印支共的領導下走向“革命化”,經(jīng)過義靜蘇維埃運動和八月革命建立了社會主義政權。越南現(xiàn)代化的啟動以19世紀下半葉阮朝的改革為標志。①從阮朝的改革到1945年越南民主共和國成立是越南現(xiàn)代化低度發(fā)展階段②。 第二章探討了兩種社會制度影響下的越南現(xiàn)代化進程(1945—1975年)。本章主要論述二戰(zhàn)后越南分治下實行社會主義制度下的北方和在資本主義制度影響下的南方現(xiàn)代化進程。本章分為兩個時期,一是1945—1954年抗法時期；二是1954—-1975年抗美時期。內容包括,北越社會主義現(xiàn)代化的指導思想和實踐效果。美國在南越進行移植美式模式的現(xiàn)代化實踐。由于戰(zhàn)爭的影響,越南錯過了1945—1973年世界經(jīng) 濟黃金時代①的發(fā)展機會。而東亞一些國家則利用越戰(zhàn)的機會迅速發(fā)展為新興工業(yè)化國家。 第三章闡述了越南統(tǒng)一后對社會主義現(xiàn)代化道路的探索及嚴重挫折(1975—1986年)。越南在1976年建立統(tǒng)一的社會主義共和國,結束了長期國家分裂、南方政治衰敗、和社會動亂的局面,成立了具有強大社會動員和整合能力高度集權的現(xiàn)代國家政權,提供了能進行自主型現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展的制度保證。但多年戰(zhàn)爭破壞使越南現(xiàn)代化起點很低,這決定了現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展的艱巨性和長期性。由于指導思想和內外政策上的失誤,越南再次錯過有利的發(fā)展時機。雖然從1979年越南開始實施“新經(jīng)濟政策“,但效果有限。直到實行全面革新開放后才進入現(xiàn)代化的正確軌道。 第四章討論革新開放后到東南亞金融危機爆發(fā)間現(xiàn)代化建設的情況(1986—-1996年)。越共在1986年12月召開“六大”確定了全面革新的路線。六大成為越南現(xiàn)代化進入新時期的標志。越南在堅持傳統(tǒng)社會主義理論合理成分的同時吸收了其他國家現(xiàn)代化理論的有益成份,通過實踐逐漸形成具有本國特色的新理論。七大制定了《社會主義過渡時期建設綱領》,使越南現(xiàn)代化進入第一個高速發(fā)展期。 第五章論述了在蘇聯(lián)、東歐解體和東南亞金融危機的影響和沖擊下,越南對現(xiàn)代化戰(zhàn)略進行的調整(1997—-2001年)。這時期,越南現(xiàn)代化面臨多重挑戰(zhàn)：在蘇聯(lián)、東歐的解體的影響下的政治危機；東南亞金融危機影響下的經(jīng)濟危機和腐敗影響下的社會危機。鑒于此,越南對政治體制和領導層、現(xiàn)代化的指導思想、經(jīng)濟戰(zhàn)略、政策進行了較大幅度的調整,提出了在2020年要基本實現(xiàn)社會主義工業(yè)化和現(xiàn)代化的目標。 第六章研究了越南現(xiàn)代化進程的第二次快速發(fā)展的情況(2001-2006年)。2001年4月,越共“九大”把七大的《建設綱領》加以具體化。在九大思想指導下,越南的現(xiàn)代化進入第二個加速期。但發(fā)展中的問題也大量出現(xiàn)。 第七章論述了越共十大到十一大間的現(xiàn)代化進程的情況,并分析了今后現(xiàn)代化進程的走向與趨勢(2006—2011年)。經(jīng)過20年的探索,越南已初步形成了具有本國特色的社會主義現(xiàn)代化理論體系和一條適合國情的現(xiàn)代化道路。十大后越南現(xiàn)代化進程又取得重大進展。2011年1月召開的越共十一大為今后現(xiàn)代化道路指明了方向。 第八章對1945年以來越南現(xiàn)代化進程成敗的經(jīng)驗教訓作了分析。對每個階段現(xiàn)代化獲重大進展和遭受挫折的原因從政治體制、經(jīng)濟、社會、外交、文化和軍事以及自然地理和資源等方面作了較為深入分析。 第九章對越南現(xiàn)代化進程水平進行了綜合評價。選用以中科院的兩次現(xiàn)代化評價指標體系為主對越南的經(jīng)濟、社會、綜合現(xiàn)代化、生態(tài)、文化和國際現(xiàn)代化水平作了較系統(tǒng)的量化評價。由于政治現(xiàn)代化的復雜性和特殊性,世界上還沒有相關的定量評價體系,因此,對其評價限于定性方面。 第十章對越南現(xiàn)代化進程的模式①進行了總結。世界各國在現(xiàn)代化進程中逐步形成了一些具有代表性的發(fā)展模式。本章對越南現(xiàn)代化模式的分析包括經(jīng)濟、政治、社會和文化諸多方面的內容。通過分析指出,越南早期現(xiàn)代化啟動屬于典型的挑戰(zhàn)——回應(湯因比的說法)的模式。獨立后,北方采取了經(jīng)典社會主義模式,南方模式則試圖建立資本主義模式。革新后,越南現(xiàn)代化模式開始向與東亞模式、中國模式、西方新自由模式相結合的市場化模式轉變,形成了具有“越南特色混合型后全能主義模式”。 本文的最后一部分內容為結語。對以上各章的內容進行系統(tǒng)的歸納與總結,對本文的主要內容和觀點進行升華和提煉。
[Abstract]:As a kind of historical inevitability, modernization is all developing countries to get rid of the backward form the inevitable process of modern countries. The modernization of any countries, are from the historical conditions of the cultural tradition and social system, the positive factors and absorb external characteristics of their pursuit of the value orientation of modern Vietnam as a road. The developing countries, the modernization from the start, development, mode of exploration and transformation and full of hardships and setbacks in.1858 Vietnam became a French colony after being involved in the world modernization tide.1945 Vietnam gained national independence in Indochina were under the leadership of then began to explore the road of modernization, but since the various because until 1986 the implementation of reform and opening-up modernization started on the right path. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the country's modernization process, it will help us to send The problem of modernization in developing countries and the strategy of catching up, summed up the general rules of developing countries to explore modernization road. Through the case of Vietnam's analysis, research is helpful to enrich the theory and practice of developing countries modernization paradigm, but also has a certain significance for the discipline construction. A successful road can play a certain role in reference for some developing countries to explore. In this paper, the integrated use of history, the theory of scientific socialism, China and western modernization theory and the historical process of modernization and its characteristics in Vietnam since 1945, achievements and experience, the level of modernization, mode and trend are studied.
This article is composed of the first to tenth chapters and the conclusion of the text.
The introduction mainly discusses the definition and significance of the topic and related concepts, the current research situation, the key points, difficulties and innovations, research methods and structure arrangement.
The first chapter discusses the historical background of modernization in Vietnam (1858-1945 years). The international background is in late eighteenth Century to early twentieth Century, from the beginning of the British Industrial Revolution of the world modernization process that many capitalist countries of Western Europe to become the former colonies and dependencies. The domestic background is the invasion and colonization of Vietnam's traditional society caused great the impact of the differentiation and reorganization, fundamentally changed the direction of history in "rule of dynastic cycle" mode of the feudal dynasty, Vietnamese were forced into the capitalist world system. In the "decline" and "Marginalization" under the impact of Vietnam in Indochina were under the leadership of the trend of "revolutionary". After nghean hatinh Soviet movement and the August revolution established a socialist regime. Vietnam modernization started to reform the first half of nineteenth Century Ruanzhao marked. From the reform of the Nguyen Dynasty to 1945 The founding of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam was the stage of the low development of Vietnam's modernization.
The second chapter discusses the two kinds of social systems under the influence of the process of modernization in Vietnam (1945 - 1975). The implementation of the socialist system under the capitalist system in the north and the South under the influence of modernization in this chapter after World War II. Vietnam divided this chapter is divided into two periods, one is from 1945 to 1954 against the law two times; 1954 - -1975 America period. Including the North Vietnamese socialist modernization guiding ideology and practice. The practice of modernization in South Vietnam. The American model of transplantation due to the impact of the war, Vietnam missed 1945 - 1973 by the world
The opportunity for the development of the golden age of the golden age, while some countries in East Asia have rapidly developed into a newly industrialized country with the opportunity of the Vietnam War.
The third chapter elaborates the exploration of socialist modernization and a serious setback after the reunification of Vietnam (1975 - 1986). The establishment of a unified Socialist Republic of Vietnam in 1976, ended the national division, Southern political decay, and social unrest, set up a strong social mobilization and integration of modern centralized state power can provide, independent development of the modernization of system guarantee. But after years of war, destruction of Vietnam modernization starting point is very low, which determines the arduousness and long-term modernization. The guiding ideology and policy mistakes, Vietnam again missed the favorable development opportunity. Although from the beginning of 1979, the implementation of the "new economic policy in Vietnam", but the effect is limited. The correct track until the implementation of a comprehensive reform and opening up before entering the modernization.
The fourth chapter discusses the reform and opening up to the financial crisis in Southeast Asia between the modernization of (1986 - -1996). The Viet Cong in the December 1986 meeting of the "big six" to determine a comprehensive line of innovation. The six become a symbol of modernization has entered a new period of Vietnam. Vietnam has absorbed the beneficial ingredients in other countries of the modernization theory adhere to the traditional society the theory of rational components at the same time, through practice, gradually formed a new theory with Chinese characteristics. Seven developed socialist transition period construction program < >, the Vietnam modernization into the first period of rapid development.
The fifth chapter discusses the influence of the Soviet Union, Eastern Europe and the disintegration of Southeast Asian financial crisis, Vietnam's modernization strategy adjustments (1997 - -2001). During this period, Vietnam modernization is faced with multiple challenges: in the Soviet Union, Eastern Europe collapsed under the influence of the political crisis in Southeast Asia; under the influence of the financial crisis and economic crisis corruption under the influence of social crisis. In view of this, Vietnam's political system and leadership, guiding ideology, modern economic strategy, the policy made great adjustment, put forward the basic realization of socialist industrialization and modernization in 2020.
The sixth chapter studies the process of modernization in Vietnam second times the rapid development of the situation (2001-2006 years).2001 in April, "Nine" seven Viet Cong "construction program > embodied in nine. Under the guidance of the idea, Vietnam to speed up the modernization into the second period. But in the development of problems have appeared in large numbers.
The seventh chapter discusses the Viet Cong ten to eleven between the modernization process, and analyzes the future direction and trends of the modernization (2006 - 2011). After 20 years of exploration, Vietnam has initially formed a theoretical system of socialist modernization with Chinese characteristics and a suitable road of modernization after ten. Vietnam has made significant progress in the process of modernization and.2011 held in January eleven in Viet Cong modernization direction.
The eighth chapter of the experience and lessons of success or failure of the modernization process in Vietnam since 1945 are analyzed. For each stage of modernization success and setbacks from the political system, economic, social, diplomatic, military and cultural and natural geography and resources as well as a more in-depth analysis.
The ninth chapter makes a comprehensive evaluation of the modernization level of Vietnam in the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Selected two modernization evaluation index system based on Vietnam's economic, social, ecological, cultural and comprehensive modernization, international modernization level quantitatively system. Because of the complexity of political modernization and the particularity of the world, there is no quantitative the evaluation system, related so the qualitative evaluation.
The tenth chapter of the Vietnam modernization mode are summarized. All the countries in the world in the process of modernization gradually formed some representative development model. The analysis of this chapter to Vietnam modernization model including economic, political, social and cultural aspects of content. It is pointed out through analysis, Vietnam early start-up of modernization belongs to the typical challenges (Toynbee's view) - response model. After independence, the north takes the classic socialist mode, southern mode to establish the capitalist model. After the reform, modernization began to Vietnam and East Asia mode, Chinese model, combined with the transformation of western new free mode is market oriented mode, has formed a "mixed Vietnamese characteristics after the totalitarian model".
The last part of this paper is the conclusion. We summarize and summarize the contents of the above chapters, and sublimate and refine the main contents and viewpoints of this paper.

【學位授予單位】：云南大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K333

【引證文獻】

相關碩士學位論文 前1條

1 路云飛;越南融入國際社會進程研究[D];鄭州大學;2012年

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本文編號：1533646