本文關(guān)鍵詞： 美國 拓荒時期 牛仔 生活狀況 牛仔文化 牛仔精神　出處：《遼寧大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：“牧牛王國”的黃金時期雖然短暫,只有內(nèi)戰(zhàn)后至19世紀(jì)80年代中期的20年左右時間,但它在美國編年史上寫下了壯麗的篇章。牛仔作為“牧牛王國”的建設(shè)者,雖然也僅僅輝煌了20年,但其對美國的經(jīng)濟、政治、文化等方面所產(chǎn)生的影響卻是深遠的。牛仔為西部開發(fā)做出了這樣多的貢獻,然而人們卻只看到他們光鮮亮麗的一面,不曾想過他們剛踏入這片荒蕪?fù)恋刂畷r所付出的辛勤的勞動和生命的代價,因此,他們的光輝形象是值得歌頌的,但同時也要了解他們的堅強樂觀的背后那不為人知的辛酸。 牛仔不僅為美國創(chuàng)造了物質(zhì)財富,而且對美國文化和精神文明產(chǎn)生了深遠的影響。有關(guān)牛仔的小說、音樂、電影層出不窮,牛仔形象被塑造的如此傳奇,牛仔生活被演繹的如此浪漫,牛仔文化被世人代代相傳,牛仔精神成為美利堅民族精神的象征,牛仔最終成為了美國不朽的傳說。然而,由于人們對牛仔的過分崇拜,牛仔的真實生活被夸大了,再加之文化商的利潤驅(qū)動,牛仔文化中一些暴力和色情的消極元素也被添加進來。因此,了解牛仔生活的真實一面是非常有必要的,從而能夠更加辯證的來看待牛仔文化。同時,牛仔精神也是需要我們來正確對待的,其中的積極因素是需要我們學(xué)習(xí)和借鑒的,然而種族歧視、個人主義等消極因素也是需要我們拋棄的。 本文第一部分從內(nèi)戰(zhàn)后牛仔大量產(chǎn)生的歷史背景·做了詳細分析,說明牛仔的大量出現(xiàn)并非偶然,而是在“牧牛王國”興起的基礎(chǔ)上產(chǎn)生的。第二部分對牛仔的生活狀況作了詳細的論述,分別從牛仔的社會關(guān)系狀況、工作狀況、閑暇娛樂狀況三個方面作了考察,從而做到盡可能還原牛仔真實生活的目的,同時也讓人們充分認(rèn)識到牛仔的生活是充滿艱辛和危險的。第三部分通過對牛仔文化和牛仔精神的具體分析,使人們意識到牛仔文化雖是牛仔留給人類的最寶貴的遺產(chǎn),但也要辯證的看待牛仔文化;牛仔精神雖然已成為美利堅民族精神的象征,但也要以揚棄的精神來看待牛仔精神。 總之,本文旨在對拓荒時期尤其是內(nèi)戰(zhàn)后西部牛仔的生活狀況及其影響進行考察的同時,力求使人們了解牛仔的真實生活,從而能夠正確的看待牛仔文化及其牛仔精神,這也對我國的西部大開發(fā)中人才的發(fā)展起到了借鑒作用。
[Abstract]:Although the golden age of the "cattle kingdom" was short, only 20 years after the civil war to the middle of 1880s, it wrote a magnificent chapter in the American chronicle. The cowboy was the builder of the "cattle kingdom" Although only 20 years of glory, but its economic, political, cultural and other aspects of the United States has a profound impact. Cowboys have made so much contribution to the development of the West, but people only see their bright side. Never thought of the hard work and the cost of their lives when they entered this desolate land, so their glorious image is worthy of praise, but also to understand their strong optimism behind the unknown bitterness. Cowboys not only create material wealth for the United States, but also have a profound impact on American culture and spiritual civilization. Cowboy life is interpreted so romantic, cowboy culture has been handed down from generation to generation, cowboy spirit has become a symbol of the national spirit of the United States, cowboy has finally become the immortal legend of the United States. However, due to people's excessive worship of cowboys, The real life of cowboys has been exaggerated, and the profits of cultural businessmen have been driven, and some negative elements of violence and pornography in cowboy culture have been added. Therefore, it is very necessary to understand the real aspects of cowboy life. So that we can look at cowboy culture more dialectically. At the same time, cowboy spirit also needs us to deal with correctly, the positive factor is that we need to learn and learn from, but racial discrimination, Negative factors such as individualism also need to be abandoned. The first part of this paper makes a detailed analysis of the historical background of the emergence of a large number of cowboys after the internal war, and shows that the emergence of a large number of cowboys is not accidental. The second part makes a detailed exposition on the living conditions of cowboys, respectively from three aspects: the social relations of cowboys, the working conditions, and the leisure and entertainment conditions. In order to restore the real life of cowboys as much as possible, but also to make people fully realize that the life of cowboys is full of hardships and dangers. The third part through the specific analysis of cowboy culture and cowboy spirit, It makes people realize that cowboy culture is the most precious heritage left to mankind, but it should also be dialectically treated with cowboy culture. Although cowboy spirit has become the symbol of American national spirit, it should also be treated with the spirit of sublation. In a word, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the living conditions and influence of the cowboy in the pioneer period, especially after the civil war, and at the same time, to make people understand the real life of the cowboy, so as to be able to correctly view the cowboy culture and its cowboy spirit. This has also played a reference role in the development of talent in the development of the western region of our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K712

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本文編號：1531688