本文關(guān)鍵詞： 羅馬帝國 農(nóng)民問題 影響　出處：《湖南師范大學(xué)》2007年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 古羅馬是以農(nóng)業(yè)立國的，大部分居民是農(nóng)民。在羅馬歷史上，農(nóng)民是農(nóng)業(yè)的主要生產(chǎn)者、財(cái)政稅收的主要承擔(dān)者和士兵的主要來源，在羅馬國家的發(fā)展中起著重要作用。所以，如何對(duì)待人數(shù)眾多的農(nóng)民是羅馬國家面臨的一個(gè)重要問題，其重要性關(guān)系到羅馬國家的生存與發(fā)展。但是，羅馬政府推行的不公平的土地政策和過重的賦稅政策等，嚴(yán)重地促進(jìn)了土地的集中、大莊園的發(fā)展以及小農(nóng)的破產(chǎn)，，從而導(dǎo)致農(nóng)民喪失土地、負(fù)擔(dān)加重、生活貧困。帝國時(shí)期，隨著奴隸制經(jīng)濟(jì)的衰落、君主專制的加強(qiáng)、官僚機(jī)構(gòu)的膨脹和軍事負(fù)擔(dān)的加重，這些問題進(jìn)一步惡化，從而導(dǎo)致羅馬農(nóng)業(yè)的萎縮，并進(jìn)一步加速了羅馬城市的衰落和羅馬國家危機(jī)的加重。維系帝國統(tǒng)治的兩大力量——軍隊(duì)和官僚機(jī)構(gòu)由于缺乏財(cái)政上的支撐而無法維持，帝國首先從自身體制上瓦解，到帝國晚期外族入侵時(shí)，由于內(nèi)憂外患的夾擊，西羅馬帝國的滅亡就不可避免了。 全文分前言、正文和結(jié)論三個(gè)部分。 前言主要介紹了國內(nèi)外史學(xué)界有關(guān)羅馬農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)民問題的研究成果，并指出本文的觀點(diǎn)、創(chuàng)新之處和撰寫本文的意義。 正文包括四個(gè)部分。第一部分簡(jiǎn)要介紹了羅馬帝國的農(nóng)業(yè)、農(nóng)民和農(nóng)民問題的產(chǎn)生。第二部分分析了羅馬帝國時(shí)期農(nóng)民問題惡化的社會(huì)條件，主要從經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治和軍事三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行分析。第三部分重點(diǎn)介紹了羅馬帝國的農(nóng)民問題，主要有農(nóng)民的土地問題、負(fù)擔(dān)問題、地位問題和貧困問題。第四部分則分析和總結(jié)了農(nóng)民問題的影響，包括對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)、城市和羅馬帝國的影響。 結(jié)論總結(jié)了農(nóng)民問題與羅馬帝國衰亡的關(guān)系和我們應(yīng)該從中吸取的教訓(xùn)。
[Abstract]:Ancient Rome was founded on agriculture, and most of its inhabitants were farmers. In Roman history, farmers were the main producers of agriculture, the main sources of finance and taxation, and the main sources of soldiers, which played an important role in the development of the Roman country. How to deal with the large number of farmers is an important problem facing the Roman country, and its importance relates to the survival and development of the Roman country. However, the unfair land policy and excessive tax policy carried out by the Roman government, etc. It greatly promoted the concentration of land, the development of large manors and the bankruptcy of small farmers, which led to the loss of land, the heavy burden of peasants, and the living of poverty. During the imperial period, with the decline of the slave economy, the autocracy of the monarchy was strengthened. The expansion of the bureaucracy and the increase in the military burden further aggravated these problems, which led to the contraction of Roman agriculture. And further accelerated the decline of the Roman city and the exacerbation of the Roman national crisis. The two forces that held the empire, the army and the bureaucracy, were unable to sustain themselves because of the lack of financial support, and the Empire first broke down from its own institutions. By the late Imperial invasion, due to internal and external attacks, the destruction of the Western Roman Empire was inevitable. The full text is divided into three parts: preface, text and conclusion. The preface mainly introduces the research results of Roman agriculture and farmers in the field of history at home and abroad, and points out the viewpoints, innovations and significance of writing this paper. The text includes four parts. The first part briefly introduces the agriculture of the Roman Empire, farmers and the emergence of the problem of farmers. The second part analyzes the social conditions of the deterioration of the problems of farmers in the Roman Empire period, mainly from the economic, The third part focuses on the peasants of the Roman Empire, mainly the land problem of the peasants, the burden of the peasants, Part 4th analyzes and summarizes the impact of peasant problems, including on agriculture, cities and the Roman Empire. The conclusion summarizes the relationship between the peasant problem and the fall of the Roman Empire and the lessons we should learn from it.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號(hào)】：K126

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 盧丹鳳;古羅馬飲宴研究[D];上海師范大學(xué);2009年

本文編號(hào)：1515530