本文關(guān)鍵詞： 15-17世紀(jì) 英國(guó) 約曼階層 農(nóng)民分化　出處：《天津師范大學(xué)》2007年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 15--17世紀(jì)是英國(guó)由中世紀(jì)向近代社會(huì)過(guò)渡的黃金時(shí)段，是位于兩個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條期之間的上升周期。在這一階段，英國(guó)社會(huì)各個(gè)層面發(fā)生了顯著和深刻的變化，解構(gòu)和建構(gòu)并存，變動(dòng)與適應(yīng)結(jié)合，此時(shí)興起的新型階層正是變動(dòng)的結(jié)果，筆者在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上，試圖對(duì)這一新型階層--約曼做出客觀中肯的評(píng)價(jià)。 全文共分為四部分，第一部分介紹了近年來(lái)中外學(xué)者對(duì)約曼階層的研究概況，重點(diǎn)考察了他們?cè)谘芯恐兴岢龅睦碚搯?wèn)題，在此基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步深入分析，限定研究范圍。第二部分闡述了約曼階層的界定、興起與演變，準(zhǔn)確定位了約曼的組成部分和演變的歷程。第三部分分析了約曼階層的經(jīng)濟(jì)地位，著重強(qiáng)調(diào)了約曼在圈地運(yùn)動(dòng)、土地買賣中的活動(dòng)以及所引發(fā)的經(jīng)濟(jì)變革。第四部分論述了約曼階層的社會(huì)地位，他們了解地方情況，負(fù)責(zé)地區(qū)行政管理，平衡各種矛盾，有效地應(yīng)對(duì)了這一時(shí)期社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型帶來(lái)的波動(dòng)，同時(shí)也為英國(guó)贏得了“地方自治之家”的稱號(hào)。 本文認(rèn)為，現(xiàn)代化的演進(jìn)是各種因素共同作用的結(jié)果，經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)和社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)是相輔相成的，處于中間階層的這一群體引導(dǎo)了社會(huì)的主流。在中國(guó)，由于專制、宗法社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)束縛著個(gè)體的發(fā)展，社會(huì)財(cái)富遞增并不能涵蓋農(nóng)民的貧困化，，中間階層的闕如導(dǎo)致兩極分化的擴(kuò)大，法治基石是奠基于統(tǒng)治者之上，廣大農(nóng)民的無(wú)權(quán)或少權(quán)狀況不利于財(cái)富的累積，使中國(guó)陷入了治亂交替的循環(huán)怪圈中。對(duì)約曼階層的分析表明：培育一個(gè)成熟的、理性的中間階層可以適時(shí)的起到平衡作用，對(duì)中國(guó)的現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)也是至為重要的。
[Abstract]:The 15th-17th century was the prime period of Britain's transition from the Middle Ages to the modern society, and it was a rising cycle between the two periods of economic depression. During this period, significant and profound changes took place in all levels of British society, and deconstruction and construction co-existed. The combination of change and adaptation is the result of the new stratum rising at this time. On the basis of previous studies, the author tries to make an objective and fair evaluation of this new class-Yoman. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part introduces the research situation of Yoman stratum in recent years, and focuses on the theoretical problems they put forward in the research. The second part expounds the definition, rise and evolution of the Yoman stratum, and accurately orientates the composition and evolution of the Yoman class. The third part analyzes the economic status of the Yoman stratum and emphasizes the Yoman movement. In part 4th, the social status of the Yoman class is discussed. They understand the local situation, are responsible for the administration of the region, and balance all kinds of contradictions. It effectively dealt with the fluctuation brought about by the social transformation in this period, and also won the title of "Home of Local Autonomy" for Britain. This paper holds that the evolution of modernization is the result of a combination of various factors, that the economic structure and social structure complement each other, and that this group of people in the middle class has guided the mainstream of society. The social structure of patriarchal clan restrains the individual development, the increasing social wealth can not cover the poverty of the peasants, the absence of the middle class leads to the expansion of polarization, and the foundation of the rule of law is based on the ruler. The situation of peasants' powerlessness or less power is not conducive to the accumulation of wealth, which makes China fall into a cycle of alternating governance and chaos. The analysis of the Yoman stratum shows that cultivating a mature and rational middle class can play a timely and balanced role. It is also of great importance to China's modernization drive.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號(hào)】：K561.3

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