本文關(guān)鍵詞： 西歐 鄉(xiāng)村 工商業(yè) 莊園制　出處：《學(xué)術(shù)交流》2012年02期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：一直以來,中世紀(jì)西歐的莊園經(jīng)濟(jì)總是被想象成以農(nóng)業(yè)為主的自然經(jīng)濟(jì)。但是經(jīng)過考察會發(fā)現(xiàn),由于人們生活的需要和某些行業(yè)的特殊性,鄉(xiāng)村生活中依然且必然有工商業(yè)的存在,工商業(yè)在以莊園制為主體的自然經(jīng)濟(jì)的夾縫中生存著。其經(jīng)濟(jì)屬于一種二元經(jīng)濟(jì)模式。鄉(xiāng)村手工業(yè)以莊園工場的形式獨盛于中世紀(jì)早期,并不斷發(fā)展。鄉(xiāng)村的商業(yè)從最初必需品的交換,到后來生產(chǎn)力提高剩余產(chǎn)品的出現(xiàn)導(dǎo)致的交換,都表明鄉(xiāng)村的商業(yè)也是一直存在且必然存在的。只是由于這些經(jīng)濟(jì)因素仍從屬于封建的自然經(jīng)濟(jì)主體、不占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位而未引起人們的重視。這些商品經(jīng)濟(jì)活動的存在不僅彌補(bǔ)了封建的自然經(jīng)濟(jì)的天然不足,同時,它的發(fā)展與后來城市興起且壯大的工商業(yè)活動相結(jié)合,形成了里應(yīng)外合的力量,最終沖破了封建階級的堡壘,成為了西歐瓦解莊園制的一個重要因素。
[Abstract]:The manor economy of Western Europe in the Middle Ages has always been imagined as a natural economy dominated by agriculture. However, it was found that due to the needs of people's lives and the particularity of certain industries, Business and industry still exist and must exist in rural life, Industry and commerce exist in the gap of natural economy with manor system as the main body. Its economy belongs to a dual economic model. Rural handicrafts flourished in the early Middle Ages in the form of manor workshops. And continued to grow. Rural commerce from the exchange of the first necessities, to the later productivity increase in surplus products resulting in the exchange, All show that rural commerce has always existed and must exist, only because these economic factors are still subordinate to the feudal natural economic main body, The existence of these commodity economic activities not only made up for the natural deficiencies of the feudal natural economy, but also combined its development with the industrial and commercial activities that later emerged and grew in the cities. Finally, it broke through the fortress of the feudal class and became an important factor in the disintegration of the manor system in Western Europe.
【作者單位】： 天津師范大學(xué)歷史文化學(xué)院;
【分類號】：K56

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