本文關(guān)鍵詞： 門(mén)戶(hù)開(kāi)放政策 太平洋經(jīng)濟(jì)圈 初步構(gòu)建 中國(guó) 美國(guó)　出處：《江西師范大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： “門(mén)戶(hù)開(kāi)放”政策是美國(guó)外交史上的一項(xiàng)重要政策,也是對(duì)中國(guó)近代史產(chǎn)生重大影響的一項(xiàng)政策。國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)此進(jìn)行過(guò)諸多研究。本文基于馬克思關(guān)于殖民主義雙重作用的重要論斷,從今天經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化和區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的角度出發(fā),對(duì)這一傳統(tǒng)課題進(jìn)行了重新考察。 根據(jù)我們的研究,美國(guó)發(fā)布“門(mén)戶(hù)開(kāi)放”照會(huì)或聲明至少有四次,它們構(gòu)成了“門(mén)戶(hù)開(kāi)放”政策的完整內(nèi)容,而且其內(nèi)涵經(jīng)歷了從對(duì)中國(guó)的貿(mào)易自由到在中國(guó)的投資權(quán)利的深刻演變。在“門(mén)戶(hù)開(kāi)放”的旗幟下,美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)勢(shì)力很快侵入中國(guó)市場(chǎng)。無(wú)論商品貿(mào)易還是資本投資,美國(guó)在二十世紀(jì)上半葉的中國(guó)市場(chǎng)都擁有了重要地位,由此也建立了中美之間的較為密切的經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)系,這標(biāo)志著太平洋經(jīng)濟(jì)圈的初步構(gòu)建。因?yàn)樽鳛樘窖笱匕秲蓚�(gè)面積最大人口最多的國(guó)家,中美之間的經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)系可以延展到太平洋地區(qū)的其它國(guó)家。 在太平洋經(jīng)濟(jì)圈的初步構(gòu)建過(guò)程中,日本因其特殊的地位、用其特殊的方式起到了比較重要的作用。一方面,日本與美國(guó)和中國(guó)都有密切的經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)系,而此時(shí)中美之間也已經(jīng)建立了比較密切的經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)系,由此中美日三國(guó)成為了其時(shí)太平洋經(jīng)濟(jì)圈的核心國(guó)家。另一方面,日本由于侵占了中國(guó)臺(tái)灣和滿(mǎn)洲等地、吞并了朝鮮,它與這些殖民地之間的經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)系也發(fā)展起來(lái),由此使東亞地區(qū)成為了當(dāng)時(shí)太平洋經(jīng)濟(jì)圈的一個(gè)次級(jí)一體化區(qū)域,促進(jìn)了太平洋經(jīng)濟(jì)圈的進(jìn)一步構(gòu)建。 然而,“門(mén)戶(hù)開(kāi)放”下初步構(gòu)建起來(lái)的太平洋經(jīng)濟(jì)圈是一個(gè)畸形的經(jīng)濟(jì)圈。其畸形性主要表現(xiàn)為:“門(mén)戶(hù)開(kāi)放”政策是列強(qiáng)強(qiáng)加于中國(guó)的;“門(mén)戶(hù)開(kāi)放”受一系列不平等條約的庇護(hù);列強(qiáng)與中國(guó)之間的貿(mào)易是不平等的;列強(qiáng)對(duì)中國(guó)商品實(shí)行歧視性關(guān)稅政策;列強(qiáng)對(duì)中國(guó)的勞務(wù)輸出實(shí)行歧視政策,等等。 新中國(guó)成立后,我們重新掌握了國(guó)家主權(quán)。此時(shí)中國(guó)應(yīng)該積極調(diào)整和發(fā)展對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)政策,利用舊中國(guó)初步構(gòu)建的太平洋經(jīng)濟(jì)圈的積極面,向世界自主開(kāi)放。但囿于社會(huì)主義排斥市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的僵化教條,我們錯(cuò)失了良機(jī)。直至十一屆三中全會(huì)我國(guó)實(shí)行改革開(kāi)放政策后,重新抓住了機(jī)遇。歷史的教訓(xùn),值得我們深思。
[Abstract]:The "open door" policy is an important policy in the history of American diplomacy. It is also a policy that has a great influence on the modern history of China. Scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of research on it. This paper is based on Marx's important conclusion on the dual role of colonialism. From the angle of today's economic globalization and regional economic integration, this traditional subject is re-examined. According to our research, the United States has issued at least four "open door" notes or statements, which constitute the full content of the "open door" policy. Moreover, its connotation has undergone a profound evolution from the freedom of trade to the right to invest in China, under the banner of "open door". American economic power quickly invaded the Chinese market, which had an important place in the first half of 20th century, whether in commodity trade or capital investment. This also established closer economic ties between China and the United States, marking the initial construction of the Pacific Economic Circle, which is the two largest and most populous countries on the Pacific coast. Economic ties between China and the United States can be extended to other countries in the Pacific. During the initial construction of the Pacific Economic Circle, Japan played a more important role in its special way because of its special position. On the one hand, Japan had close economic ties with the United States and China. At this time, China and the United States have also established closer economic ties, thus China, the United States and Japan became the core countries of the Pacific economic circle at that time. On the other hand, Japan invaded China, Taiwan, Manchuria and other places. The annexation of Korea and the development of its economic ties with these colonies made East Asia a sub-integrated region of the then Pacific economic circle. It promotes the further construction of the Pacific economic circle. However, the Pacific Economic Circle initially constructed under "Open door" is a deformed economic circle. Its malformation is mainly manifested in: the "open door" policy was imposed on China by the big powers; "Open door" is sheltered by a series of unequal treaties; Trade between the powers and China is unequal; The foreign powers carry out discriminatory tariff policies on Chinese goods; The foreign powers discriminate against China's labor export, and so on. After the founding of New China, we have regained the sovereignty of the country. At this time, China should actively adjust and develop its foreign economic policy and take advantage of the positive aspects of the Pacific economic circle initially constructed by the old China. But because of the rigid doctrine of socialism rejecting the market economy, we missed the opportunity until the third Plenary session of the Eleventh Central Committee adopted the policy of reform and opening to the outside world, and grasped the opportunity again. It is worth pondering.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K712;K14

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 王艷華;美國(guó)在中國(guó)的利益追求新探[D];東北師范大學(xué);2011年

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本文編號(hào)：1489148