美國政府華工政策的演變(1868-1894)
本文關(guān)鍵詞: 華工 排華法 中美條約 美國政府 華工政策 出處:《山東大學(xué)》2007年碩士論文 論文類型:學(xué)位論文
【摘要】: 在1868-1894年短短26年間,美國政府的華工政策經(jīng)歷了一個由自由、限制到限禁的演變過程。本文擬對這一時期美國政府華工政策的歷史過程進行考察,并力圖對促成這一歷史演變的原因作淺要探析。 本文前言部分圍繞研究對象、研究狀況以及研究的意義三個方面進行了說明和論述。 本文主體內(nèi)容共分五部分: 第一部分是1868年前華工赴美的概況與華工對美國西部開發(fā)的貢獻。1853年以后,在美國“引力”和中國國內(nèi)“推力”的共同作用下,華工赴美呈現(xiàn)出高漲的趨勢。赴美華工在美國西部的礦業(yè)、筑路業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)、洗衣業(yè)、建筑業(yè)、漁業(yè)以及制造業(yè)等方面付出了辛勤的勞動,做出了重大貢獻。 第二部分是中美《蒲安臣條約》與華工自由赴美政策!镀寻渤紬l約》第5、6條中有關(guān)華工的規(guī)定,標志著美國政府華工自由赴美政策的形成。 第三部分是中美《安吉立條約》與限制華工赴美政策。安吉立使團是在美國國內(nèi)排斥華工的浪潮從西部席卷到全國,《蒲安臣條約》成為排華勢力攻擊目標的背景下使華的!栋布l約》修改了《蒲安臣條約》關(guān)于華工自由赴美的規(guī)定。它同意美國可以暫停華工赴美,同時還規(guī)定已在美國的華工可以往來自便!栋布l約》為美國制定排華法提供了“合法”依據(jù),成為美國限制華工赴美政策的開始。 第四部分是從美國的排斥華工法案與中美華工條約兩個方面,論述了美國政府限禁華工政策的確立。1882-1893年間,美國國會接連通過六個法案,最終通過國內(nèi)立法的方式,美國政府逐步形成了違背中美條約精神的禁止任何華工赴美的政策。1894年,清政府和美國政府在1888年未成之約的基礎(chǔ)上簽訂了《限禁來美華工保護寓美華人條約》。條約雖允許持有執(zhí)照的回國華工可以返美,重申美國政府有義務(wù)“保護寓美華人”,但更重要的是確認了美國排斥華工法案的大部分內(nèi)容。1894年華工條約的簽訂,實現(xiàn)了美國政府限禁華工赴美政策在國際法上的“合法化”的目標,標志著這一政策的最終確立。 第五部分是美國政府華工政策轉(zhuǎn)變的原因分析。本文從美國國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟、政治的發(fā)展變化,,種族排外主義,以及清政府的軟弱無能四個方面分析了美國政府華工政策變化的原因。 本文的結(jié)語部分,從美中兩個角度作一簡短的結(jié)論。
[Abstract]:In the short period of 26 years from 1868 to 1894, the American government's Chinese labor policy experienced a period of freedom. This paper intends to investigate the historical process of the American government's Chinese labor policy during this period and tries to explore the reasons for this historical evolution. The preface of this paper focuses on the research object, the research situation and the significance of the study. The main body of this paper is divided into five parts: The first part is about the general situation of Chinese workers going to the United States before 1868 and the contribution of Chinese workers to the western development of the United States. After 1853, under the joint action of "gravitation" of the United States and the "thrust" of China. Chinese workers in the United States have made great contributions to the mining, road building, agriculture, laundry, construction, fishing and manufacturing industries in the western United States. The second part is the policy of the Sino-American Treaty of Buanchen and the Free access of Chinese Workers to the United States. The provisions on Chinese workers in Article 5 of the Treaty of Buanchen signify the formation of the policy of the US government on the freedom of Chinese workers to come to the United States. The third part is the Sino-American Treaty of Anjili and the policy of restricting Chinese workers to the United States. Angeli Mission is a wave of exclusion of Chinese workers in the United States from the west to the whole country. The Treaty of Buanchen made China a target of attack by anti-Chinese forces. The Treaty of Angelique amended the provisions of the Treaty of Buanchen on the freedom of Chinese workers to go to the United States. It agreed that the United States could suspend Chinese workers from going to the United States. At the same time, it also stipulates that Chinese workers already in the United States can come from the United States. The Treaty of Angelique provides a "legal basis" for the United States to enact an exclusion law, which is the beginning of the United States' policy of restricting Chinese workers to the United States. The 4th part discusses the establishment of the policy of banning Chinese workers in the United States from two aspects: the exclusion of Chinese Workers Act and the Sino-American Labor Treaty. During the period of 1882-1893, the United States Congress passed six bills in succession. Finally, by way of domestic legislation, the US government gradually formed a policy of prohibiting any Chinese workers from going to the United States in violation of the spirit of the Sino-American Treaty. 1894. The Qing government and the United States government signed the Treaty on the Protection of Chinese Workers in the United States on 1888 on the basis of which they signed the Treaty on the Protection of Chinese Workers in the United States. Although the treaty allowed licensed Chinese workers to return to the United States. To reiterate the obligation of the US government to "protect Chinese in the United States", but more importantly, to confirm most of the contents of the American Act on exclusion of Chinese Workers. The signing of the Treaty on Chinese Workers in 1894. It has realized the goal of "legalizing" the American government's policy of banning Chinese workers from going to the United States in international law, which marks the final establishment of this policy. The 5th part is the analysis of the reasons for the change of the American government's Chinese labor policy. This paper analyzes the changes of American domestic economy, politics and racial xenophobia. And the four aspects of the weakness of Qing government analyzed the reasons for the change of the Chinese labor policy of the American government. In the conclusion part, a brief conclusion is drawn from the two angles of the United States and China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2007
【分類號】:K712.44
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