本文關(guān)鍵詞： 美國西部 淺層礦開采 淘金熱 作用與影響　出處：《首都師范大學(xué)》2007年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 美國西部的采礦業(yè)是美國西部開發(fā)的重要組成部分之一。淘金熱是采礦業(yè)初始階段即淺層礦開采的主要形式，，它在美國歷史上占有重要的地位。本文主要論述了自1848年到1878年這段時(shí)間內(nèi)美國西部礦業(yè)開采的歷史。以三次大規(guī)模的淘金熱和淘金者的生活為中心，闡述了淘金熱出現(xiàn)的背景、作用及其深遠(yuǎn)的影響。 全文共分三章： 第一章主要論述了三次大規(guī)模淘金熱即加利福尼亞淘金熱、內(nèi)華達(dá)康姆斯托克淘金熱、南達(dá)科他布萊克山淘金熱各自出現(xiàn)的背景、特點(diǎn)及其淘金熱概況。三大淘金熱如星星之火，點(diǎn)燃了廣大的美國西部。淘金熱的出現(xiàn)，使得很少有外人涉足的美國西部出現(xiàn)了繁榮與喧鬧并存，暴富與貧窮相對(duì)照的局面。 第二章主要考察了聞風(fēng)踏來的淘金者及其淘金生活。重點(diǎn)從物質(zhì)和精神兩個(gè)層面上來管窺他們與眾不同的生活，從而揭示出淘金地對(duì)每個(gè)人來說并非都是“變富的天堂”。 第三章主要運(yùn)用兩分法全面考察了淘金熱的作用及其造成的深遠(yuǎn)影響。淘金熱是一把雙刃劍，一方面它為美國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展插上了騰飛的翅膀，促進(jìn)了美國工業(yè)化、城市化的發(fā)展和西部大開發(fā)等。但另一方面，它破壞了環(huán)境，導(dǎo)致礦業(yè)“鬼鎮(zhèn)”大量出現(xiàn)。土著居民印第安人被驅(qū)逐、其土地被掠奪、印第安婦女遭侮辱等。一句話，淘金熱對(duì)印第安人造成了致命的迫害。通過一分為二的方法給淘金熱以客觀和公允的評(píng)價(jià)。
[Abstract]:The mining industry in the western part of the United States is one of the important parts of the western development of the United States. The gold rush is the main form of mining in the initial stage of the mining industry, that is, the shallow mining. It occupies an important position in the history of the United States. This paper mainly discusses the history of mining and mining in the western United States during the period from 1848 to 1878. This article focuses on the three large-scale gold rush and the life of the gold prospectors. Heart. The background, function and far-reaching influence of the gold rush are expounded. The full text is divided into three chapters: The first chapter mainly discusses the background of three large-scale gold rush, namely California Gold Rush, Nevada Comstock Gold Rush, South Dakota Black Mountain Gold Rush. The characteristics and the general situation of the gold rush. The three gold rush like a spark ignited the vast western United States. The appearance of the gold rush made the western part of the United States that few outsiders set foot in appeared prosperity and bustle. A situation in contrast to poverty. The second chapter mainly examines the gold prospectors and their life, focusing on the material and spiritual aspects of their different lives. Thus revealing that the gold rush for everyone is not all a "rich paradise." The third chapter mainly uses dichotomy to investigate the role of the Gold Rush and its far-reaching impact. The Gold Rush is a double-edged sword, on the one hand, it inserts the wings for the development of American economy. It promoted American industrialization, urbanization and the development of the West. On the other hand, it destroyed the environment and led to the emergence of mining "ghost towns" in large numbers. Indigenous Indians were expelled and their lands looted. Indian women were insulted and so on. In a word, the Gold Rush caused fatal persecution to Indians. The Gold Rush was evaluated objectively and fairly by dividing it into two.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號(hào)】：K712.4

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