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  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 英國 中國 修約 外交　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2006年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：1902年英國對華修約外交，是19世紀末20世紀初世界歷史特別是中英關(guān)系史上的重要事件，也是英國外交史乃至那個時期國際關(guān)系史上的一個重要問題。中英雙方通過談判，簽訂了《續(xù)議通商行船條約》。本文將這次修約外交置于英國國際地位的變化特別是在華優(yōu)勢地位的變化的歷史大背景下予以考察，期望通對修約全過程的透視，剖析列強間為修約而進行的明爭暗斗，著力從英中兩個視角來理解中英《續(xù)議通商行船條約》的特殊性，進而分析1902年英國對華修約外交對中英雙方及其他列強的影響。 文章主體由三部分組成，外加緒論和結(jié)語。 緒論部分，對1902年英國對華修約外交這個問題的國內(nèi)外研究狀況進行了梳理。指出目前的研究取得了很多成果，但仍有許多地方值得進一步深入研究。本文擬把這一歷史事件放在英國國際地位變化的背景下，同時從中英兩個視角來研究。 第一部分，扼要回顧了英國對華修約，英國在國際舞臺上的優(yōu)勢地位，英國是世界頭號強國，在中國擁有優(yōu)勢地位。但從19世紀70、80年代開始，由于在華利益受到挑戰(zhàn)，英國被迫調(diào)整對華政策：參與列強在華勢力范圍的劃分，強租租借地，爭奪鐵路修筑權(quán)，努力保持并鞏固對中國海關(guān)的控制，逐步放棄傳統(tǒng)的“光榮孤立”政策，，試圖與一些國家結(jié)成聯(lián)盟。 第二部分，從中英雙方的不同角度分析了1902年英國對華修約的動因，回顧列強間為修約而進行的爭斗，重點闡述了英國與中國商約談判的內(nèi)容和過程。認為英國不滿意于對華政策的調(diào)整，從而回復(fù)到了以前以商業(yè)(經(jīng)濟)利益為主的對華政策，1902年英國對華修約是對華政策調(diào)整的一次具體體現(xiàn)。 第三部分，在整體把握1902年英國對華修約外交的基礎(chǔ)上，較深層次地探討了這次修約外交對中英雙方的影響，以及由此而引發(fā)的一系列問題，特別是列強對中國海關(guān)控制權(quán)的爭奪。指出清政府在條約上實現(xiàn)“增加關(guān)稅”這個大目標的同時，多少挽回了一些權(quán)利；英國在條約上實現(xiàn)了“裁厘”夙愿，又獲得其他多項特權(quán)。 結(jié)語部分，通過全文的論述，認為1902年英國對華修約既是英國對華政策調(diào)整的結(jié)果，又是英國對華政策調(diào)整的一個具體表現(xiàn)。正由于英國對華政策的調(diào)整加上其他的一些因素，使中英《續(xù)議通商行船條約》具有其他中外不平等條約所沒有的特殊性。 英國對華政策的調(diào)整是被迫的，當(dāng)然，無論英國對華政策是以經(jīng)濟為主，還是以政治為主，都是對中國的掠奪。英國的對華政策調(diào)整后，雖然經(jīng)過1902年英國對華修約外交等一系列的努力，也取得一些成效，但是效果非常有限，英國再也不能恢復(fù)以前那種別國無力競爭、無法撼動的在華優(yōu)勢地位了。
[Abstract]:In 1902, Britain's treaty diplomacy with China was an important event in the early world history, especially in the history of Sino-British relations at the end of 19th century and 20th century. It is also an important issue in the history of British diplomacy and even the history of international relations in that period. Signed the Treaty of Trade and Shipping. This article will be the treaty of the diplomatic changes in the international status of Britain, especially in China under the historical background of the changes in the dominant position to be examined. In order to understand the particularity of Sino-British Treaty of Trade and Shipping, the author expects the perspective of the whole process of treaty revision, analyzes the conflicts between the great powers for the revision of the treaty, and tries to understand the particularity of Sino-British Treaty of Trade and Shipping from the two perspectives of Britain and China. In 1902, the influence of Britain's treaty-revision diplomacy on China and Britain and other powers was analyzed. The main body of the article consists of three parts, plus introduction and conclusion. In the introduction part, the author reviews the domestic and international research on the issue of Britain's treaty amendment to China in 1902, and points out that many achievements have been made in the present research. However, there are still many places worthy of further study. This paper intends to put this historical event under the background of the change of Britain's international status and to study it from both Chinese and British perspectives. In the first part, the author briefly reviews the British contract to China, Britain's dominant position on the international stage, Britain is the world's number one power, and has a dominant position in China. But since 19th century. Since 80s, because of the challenge to its interests in China, Britain has been forced to adjust its policy towards China: to participate in the division of powers' sphere of influence in China, to lease land and to compete for the right of railway construction. Efforts to maintain and consolidate the control of Chinese customs, gradually abandon the traditional "glorious isolation" policy, and try to form alliances with some countries. The second part, from the different angles of China and Britain, analyzes the causes of Britain's treaty revision to China in 1902, and reviews the struggle between the great powers for the revision of the treaty. This paper focuses on the content and process of the negotiations between Britain and China. It considers that Britain is not satisfied with the adjustment of its China policy, and thus returns to the former China policy, which is dominated by commercial (economic) interests. In 1902, the British amendment to China was a concrete embodiment of the adjustment of China policy. The third part, on the basis of the overall understanding of Britain's treaty revision diplomacy to China in 1902, discusses the influence of this treaty revision diplomacy on both China and Britain, and a series of problems arising therefrom. Especially the scramble for the control of Chinese customs by the foreign powers. It is pointed out that the Qing government achieved the goal of "increasing tariff" in the treaty, and at the same time, at the same time, more or less recovered some rights; Britain fulfilled its longstanding wish for a treaty and gained many other privileges. The conclusion part, through the full text discussion, thinks that in 1902 the British amendment to China is the result of the adjustment of the British policy towards China. It is also a concrete manifestation of the adjustment of British policy toward China, which is due to the adjustment of British policy towards China and some other factors. So that the Sino-British Treaty of Trade and Shipping with other Chinese and foreign unequal treaties do not have the particularity. The adjustment of Britain's China policy is forced, of course, whether Britain's China policy is mainly economic or political, it is plunder on China. Although a series of efforts such as Britain's treaty diplomacy to China were made in 1902, some achievements were also made, but the results were very limited, and Britain could no longer restore the inability of other countries to compete in the past. Unshakable dominance in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類號】：K257;K561.444

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