【摘要】：宋代是中國(guó)古代史論發(fā)展的繁榮時(shí)期。蘇軾作為宋代一大文豪,其史論獨(dú)具特色,成為了當(dāng)時(shí)文人爭(zhēng)相效仿的對(duì)象,對(duì)北宋史論的發(fā)展起到了巨大的推動(dòng)作用。本文以中華書(shū)局點(diǎn)校本《蘇軾文集》所收錄的蘇軾史論文為中心,結(jié)合學(xué)界相關(guān)的研究成果,對(duì)蘇軾史論的內(nèi)容及其相關(guān)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了多方面的探討。蘇軾的史論文數(shù)量較多,大體可分為兩大類(lèi):一類(lèi)與現(xiàn)在所說(shuō)的“歷史評(píng)論”大致相同,包括蘇軾探討歷代盛衰興亡之由的史事評(píng)論,以個(gè)人品行和謀略智術(shù)為評(píng)判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的人物史論以及針對(duì)“正統(tǒng)”和“禮”的思想所作的史學(xué)評(píng)論,反映了蘇軾的歷史思想、史學(xué)思想及價(jià)值觀等。另一類(lèi)即所謂的“史論即政論”,包含了蘇軾對(duì)歷代統(tǒng)治者在君臣關(guān)系、安民之法、財(cái)政制度以及軍事制度這幾方面得失的探討。并且在這個(gè)過(guò)程中,蘇軾還運(yùn)用“以史論政”的方式,將歷代得失類(lèi)比到當(dāng)時(shí)的政局當(dāng)中,集中反映了蘇軾的政治思想和訴求。蘇軾史論中包含著他對(duì)歷史的認(rèn)知和思考,也是其史學(xué)思想的重要表現(xiàn)形式。蘇軾的史學(xué)思想體現(xiàn)在歷史變易觀、“見(jiàn)盛觀衰”思想、“重人事”思想以及“史鑒”思想等方面。蘇軾之所以能夠?qū)v史和史學(xué)有獨(dú)到的見(jiàn)解,與其“原始察終”、“歷史比較”以及“知人論世”的史學(xué)方法論有著密切聯(lián)系。而其史論中所體現(xiàn)的擅用修辭的論史文風(fēng)、好發(fā)奇論的論史視角、名實(shí)并重的論史原則以及以“道德”為核心的史論評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等鮮明特點(diǎn),更是奠定了蘇軾史論在整個(gè)中國(guó)古代史論體系中的獨(dú)特地位,其史論對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)和后世都產(chǎn)生了十分深遠(yuǎn)的影響。從史學(xué)角度研究蘇軾的史論,一方面可以加深對(duì)蘇軾及其史論作品的理解,另一方面也可以有補(bǔ)于中國(guó)古代史學(xué)史的研究。
[Abstract]:The Song Dynasty was a prosperous period for the development of Chinese ancient history theory. Su Shi, as a great literary magnate in the Song Dynasty, had his unique historical theory and became the object of emulation by scholars at that time, and played a great role in promoting the development of the Northern Song Dynasty history theory. This paper focuses on the history papers of Su Shi collected by Zhonghua Book Co., Ltd., and combined with the relevant research results in academic circles, discusses the contents and related problems of Su Shi's history theory in many aspects. Su Shi has a large number of history papers, which can be divided into two categories: one is roughly the same as the "historical commentary", including Su Shi's historical review, which discusses the reasons for the rise and fall of the past dynasties. The historical theory of characters based on personal conduct and strategy and wisdom, and the historical comments on the thought of "orthodoxy" and "propriety" reflect Su Shi's historical thought, historiography thought and values, and so on. The other is the so-called "historical theory that is political theory", which includes Su Shi's discussion on the gains and losses of the rulers of the past dynasties in such aspects as the relationship between the monarch and the subject, the law of peace and the people, the financial system and the military system. In this process, Su Shi also used the way of "discussing politics with history" to compare the gains and losses of the past dynasties to the political situation at that time, which reflected Su Shi's political thoughts and demands. Su Shi's historical theory contains his cognition and reflection on history, and it is also an important manifestation of his historiography thought. Su Shi's thought of historiography is embodied in the view of historical change, the thought of "seeing the decline of the view of prosperity", the thought of "attaching importance to personnel" and the thought of "historical review" and so on. Su Shi's unique views on history and historiography are closely related to his historical methodology of "primitive observation of the end", "Historical comparison" and "knowing people and the World". The historical style of rhetoric, the angle of view of historical theory, the principle of both name and reality, and the evaluation standard of historical theory with "morality" as the core, are embodied in his historical theory, such as the style of historical writing which is good at rhetoric, the angle of view of the theory of history as well as the angle of view of history. It also established the unique position of Su Shi's historical theory in the whole Chinese ancient history theory system, and its historical theory had a very profound influence on the time and later generations. To study Su Shi's historical theory from the perspective of historiography, on the one hand, can deepen the understanding of Su Shi and his works of historical theory, on the other hand, it can complement the study of the history of ancient Chinese historiography.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K092

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