本文選題：劉知幾 + 《史通》��； 參考：《河北師范大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 《史通》是中國古代重要的史學(xué)著作,也是世界上第一部史學(xué)理論專著。兩漢時期是中國古代史學(xué)發(fā)展的重要時期,史家的史學(xué)意識進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng),劉知幾對唐以前史學(xué)進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)總結(jié),盡管受到因事命篇的限制,但兩漢時期是劉知幾評述的重點(diǎn),涉及到兩漢時期史家、史書、史觀等方面。 本文從劉知幾對兩漢時期的史學(xué)點(diǎn)滴述評入手,在此基礎(chǔ)上將他對兩漢史學(xué)的述評總結(jié)歸納為史家素養(yǎng)、史書編撰、史家史觀三個方面,嘗試對《史通》的整體理論框架和構(gòu)思及劉知幾的史觀、歷史編撰方法、史學(xué)批評理論等問題和兩漢時期史學(xué)在各個方面的發(fā)展情況進(jìn)行探究。 一、劉知幾對兩漢史家素養(yǎng)的述評 關(guān)于史家素養(yǎng)的問題,是劉知幾的史學(xué)系統(tǒng)總結(jié)的一個重要組成部分,也是其史學(xué)理論的精髓。首先,劉知幾在《史通》中用“才、學(xué)、識”的“三長”理論對兩漢史家素養(yǎng)進(jìn)行了述評,對具有史才的兩漢史家提出了贊揚(yáng),對不具有史才的兩漢史家提出批評。其次,用直書曲筆理論對兩漢史家素養(yǎng)進(jìn)行了述評,劉知幾認(rèn)為應(yīng)持“直書”態(tài)度來撰史,才能成為一個具有優(yōu)秀史家素養(yǎng)的史家。劉知幾對兩漢史家素養(yǎng)的思考總結(jié)是比較全面的,體現(xiàn)出了他的真知卓識。但是,劉知幾終究無法擺脫封建史家的局限,體現(xiàn)了其片面性。 二、劉知幾對兩漢史書編撰的述評 劉知幾通觀歷代史書,在更加客觀的基礎(chǔ)上,對兩漢時期史書的分類、史例、編撰等方面進(jìn)行了較全面的論述。首先,從史書分類上對兩漢時期史書進(jìn)行述評,闡述了兩漢紀(jì)傳體史書、編年體史書、雜述三類史書。其次,從史書史例上對兩漢史書進(jìn)行述評,對兩漢史書的體裁、體例進(jìn)行了具體分析。再次,從史書編纂對兩漢史書進(jìn)行述評,對兩漢史書的史料采撰、史事記述等問題進(jìn)行了評論。劉知幾對兩漢時期史籍的總結(jié)論說,充分反映了他在史籍方面的獨(dú)到見解,也體現(xiàn)了他超越前人的真知卓識。使我們對研究兩漢時期史學(xué)和進(jìn)一步發(fā)展劉知幾的史學(xué)批評理論有了更深的了解。劉知幾對兩漢史書述評反映出他受封建社會拘泥的部分狹隘思想,卻不能掩蓋他進(jìn)步、中肯的史學(xué)觀念。 三、劉知幾對兩漢史家史觀的述評 劉知幾通過對兩漢時期史觀的述評與總結(jié),從中總結(jié)出大量的可貴言論,首先,劉知幾在天人觀上是主張以人事為主的天人觀,反對兩漢史家將無根據(jù)的神奇?zhèn)髡f和真實(shí)的史事混淆記載。其次,劉知幾發(fā)展的進(jìn)步的古今歷史觀,其中對司馬遷等兩漢史家的客觀述評。再次,劉知幾在正統(tǒng)問題上有嚴(yán)格的正統(tǒng)非正統(tǒng)的觀念,受其影響他對兩漢遵循正統(tǒng)的史家進(jìn)行了褒揚(yáng),對有悖正統(tǒng)的史家提出了批評。最后,劉知幾注重修史的經(jīng)世作用,認(rèn)為兩漢史書記載不管是人物還是史事都要達(dá)到記功過,彰善惡的目的。劉知幾這幾個史觀對兩漢史家史觀的述評是客觀、詳實(shí)的,從中我們也可認(rèn)識到在劉知幾思想中進(jìn)步史學(xué)觀念。雖然受儒家正統(tǒng)思想影響的劉知幾在歷史觀的認(rèn)識上有所局限,但是其總體述評大多還是客觀公允的。
[Abstract]:"Shi Tong" is an important historical work in ancient China and the first monograph of historical theory in the world. The period of the Han Dynasty was an important period for the development of Chinese ancient history. The historian's historical consciousness was further strengthened. Liu Zhiji made a systematic summary of the history of the history of the Tang Dynasty. Although he was restricted by the life of the history of the Tang Dynasty, Liu Zhiji commented on the period of the Han Dynasty. The key points relate to historians, historical books and historical perspectives in the Han Dynasty.
On the basis of Liu Zhiji's comment on the historiography of the Han Dynasty, this paper summarizes his comments on the history of the Han Dynasty on the basis of the three aspects of historian accomplishment, history book compilation and historian's historical view, trying to discuss the overall theoretical framework and conception of "Shi Tong >" and Liu Zhiji's historical view, history compilation method, historical criticism theory and other issues and Han Dynasty. The development of history is explored in all aspects.
First, Liu Zhiji's commentary on the accomplishment of the historians of the Han Dynasty
The question about the quality of the historian is an important part of Liu Zhiji's historical system summary and the essence of his historical theory. First, Liu Zhiji's "three long" theory of "talent, learning and knowledge" in "Shi Tong >" has been commented on the accomplishment of the historians of the Han Dynasty, and it has been praised by the historians of the two Han Dynasties, and two of the historians who have no history. The historian of Han put forward criticism. Secondly, he commented on the accomplishment of the historians of the Han Dynasty by using the theory of "straight book". Liu Zhiji thought that he should write history with the "straight book" attitude. In order to become a historian with excellent historian accomplishment, Liu Zhiji's reflection on the accomplishment of the historians of the two Han Dynasties is more comprehensive and embodies his true knowledge. But Liu Zhiji After all, we can not get rid of the limitations of feudal historians and show their one-sided nature.
Two, Liu Zhiji's comment on the compilation of historical books in Han Dynasty
On the basis of more objective history, Liu Zhiji discussed the classification, history and compilation of history books in the Han Dynasty on a more objective basis. First, from the classification of history books, the history books of the Han Dynasty were reviewed, the history books of the Han Dynasty, the chronicles of chronology, and the three types of history books were described. Secondly, the history of the history books was used in the history of the history books to the history of the Han Dynasty. The book carries on a review, makes a specific analysis of the genre and style of the history books of the Han Dynasty, reviews the historical books of the Han Dynasty from the compilation of the history books, and reviews the historical records of the two Han Dynasties and the historical records. The summary of Liu Zhiji's historical records in the Han Dynasty fully reflects his unique views on historical records and embodies him. Transcending the true knowledge of the predecessors, we have a deeper understanding of the history of the study of the Han Dynasty and the further development of Liu Zhiji's theory of historical criticism. Liu Zhiji's comments on the historical books of the Han Dynasty reflect the narrow thought that he was restrained by the feudal society, but could not hide his progress and the pertinent historical concept.
Three, a review of Liu Zhiji's views on historians and historians of the Han Dynasty
By reviewing and summarizing the historical views of the Han Dynasty, Liu Zhiji summed up a large number of valuable comments. First of all, Liu Zhiji was a view of heaven and man, which advocated human resources, and opposed the obfuscation of the unfounded myths and the true history of the two Han historians. Secondly, the advanced historical view of Liu Zhiji's development was the view of the modern and modern history. Again, Liu Zhiji has an objective review of the historians of the Han Dynasty. Again, there are strict orthodox and unorthodox ideas on orthodoxy, and influenced by his influence on the orthodox historians of the two Han Dynasties and criticizing the orthodox historians. Finally, Liu Zhiji pays attention to the historical role of history, and holds that the historical records of the two Han Dynasties are the characters or the characters. All historical events should achieve the purpose of writing and commending good and evil. Liu Zhiji's historical views on the historical views of the two Han Dynasties are objective and detailed, and from which we can also recognize the idea of progressive historiography in Liu Zhiji's thought. Although Liu Zhiji, influenced by Confucian orthodoxy, has some limitations in the view of history, most of the general commentary It is still objective and fair.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K092

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 耿建軍;劉知幾對史料編纂的論述[J];檔案學(xué)通訊;1993年02期

2 步近智;略論劉知幾的進(jìn)步史學(xué)思想[J];東岳論叢;1985年03期

3 賈忠文;;《史通》“抑馬揚(yáng)班”再辨——與許凌云同志商榷[J];江漢論壇;1990年10期

4 許凌云;論劉知幾的史家主體意識[J];孔子研究;1989年03期

5 江湄;試論劉知幾倫理主義史學(xué)理論[J];蘭州大學(xué)學(xué)報;1994年01期

6 趙梅春,王曉鴻;從名實(shí)觀看劉知幾的史體論[J];蘭州大學(xué)學(xué)報;1999年02期

7 侯外廬;;論劉知幾的學(xué)術(shù)思想——紀(jì)念劉知幾誕生一千三百周年[J];歷史研究;1961年02期

8 趙英;《史通》新論[J];內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)學(xué)報(哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)版);1992年02期

9 許凌云;劉知幾學(xué)術(shù)思想淵源[J];齊魯學(xué)刊;1992年01期

10 盧山紅;;關(guān)于《史通》之“通”的再探討[J];汕頭大學(xué)學(xué)報;1988年04期

，

本文編號：1977380