本文選題：文明 + 文化形態(tài)史觀　； 參考：《學術(shù)交流》2010年12期

【摘要】：斯賓格勒提出了一種"文化形態(tài)史觀",打破了社會歷史理論的托勒密體系——實現(xiàn)了"哥白尼革命"。他摒棄"進步"史觀,用一種世界歷史的"比較形態(tài)學"的方法來研究文化,認為歷史不應(yīng)是某一思想家主觀"設(shè)計的產(chǎn)物",更不是單線索、直線式、由低到高、由惡及善的進步歷程。他認為歷史沒有規(guī)律,有的只是"命運"。湯因比繼承發(fā)展了斯賓格勒的歷史觀,認為文明的發(fā)展、生長是一系列"挑戰(zhàn)"、"應(yīng)戰(zhàn)"的結(jié)果。這種文明形態(tài)史觀有積極的貢獻,但也有明顯的局限性。布羅代爾對其過于簡單化的文明史觀很不滿意,從歷史的長時段出發(fā),對他們提出了嚴厲批評:第一,批評歷史宿命論。第二,回避歷史的時間,只注重短時段的事件。第三,一種"人的精神本質(zhì)"與多種(無論是八種還是二十一種)文明形態(tài)相矛盾。第四,把復雜的歷史簡單化,抽出幾條"規(guī)律"、"法則"、"模式"來剪裁歷史。最后,布羅代爾決定拋棄文明模式(包括各種翻版),主張用"長時段"結(jié)構(gòu)理論取而代之。
[Abstract]:OswaldSpengler put forward a historical view of cultural form, which broke the Ptolemy system of social history theory and realized the Copernican Revolution.He abandoned the historical view of "progress" and studied culture with a method of "comparative morphology" of world history. He believed that history should not be the subjective "product of design" of a certain thinker, nor should it be a single clue, a straight line, from low to high.From evil to good progress.He believes that history has no rules, but only "fate."Toynbee inherited OswaldSpengler's view of history and believed that the development of civilization was the result of a series of challenges and challenges.This kind of civilization form historical view has the positive contribution, but also has the obvious limitation.Brodale was not satisfied with his simplistic view of civilization history. He criticized them for a long time. First, he criticized historical fatalism.Second, avoid the history of time, only pay attention to short-time events.Third, a "spiritual essence of man" contradicts various (whether eight or 21) forms of civilization.Fourth, simplify the complicated history, draw out several "laws", "rules", "patterns" to cut history.In the end, Brodale decided to abandon the civilisation model (including various replicas) and to replace it with long-term structural theory.
【作者單位】： 黑龍江大學哲學與公共管理學院;
【分類號】：K091

【共引文獻】

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