本文關鍵詞：司馬遷社會思想探析，，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

司馬遷社會思想探析

司馬遷社會思想探析

社會思想是人們在生產和生活實踐中所形成的,關于社會生活秩序的構建、管理,以及理想社會模式的觀念、構想或理論。司馬遷撰述《史記》,發(fā)表“一家之言”,社會思想在其思想體系中占有重要的地位,但長久以來研究薄弱,本文運用社會學提供的相關理論和策略,嘗試從以下三個方面來探討司馬遷的社會思想：第一部分,司馬遷關于社會起源和發(fā)展的深思。司馬遷將人和社會的起源的歸結到“人”身上,將社會由無序化到組織化蛻變的功績歸于黃帝,但又提出這一蛻變的深層理由是人的欲望,進而提出社會是不斷發(fā)展變化的觀點,并將社會發(fā)展變化的根本理由歸結到“人”。第二部分,司馬遷對社會分層的深思。司馬遷受時代的限制,依然將政治地位作為社會分層的主要標準,并通過《史記》五體結構集中體現(xiàn)出來,但同時也注意到了經濟因素在社會分層中的作用,并進一步提出了“素封論”對權力本位的社會等級制度提出挑戰(zhàn),對于君王、官吏(王公貴戚)、平民這三個當時社會典型的階層的社會角色提出了獨到的深思。在此基礎上,司馬遷批判了當時統(tǒng)治者限制社會流動,主張開放社會流動,鼓勵人民通過自己的努力轉變社會地位。第三部分,司馬遷對社會制約和社會治理模式的深思。社會分層的現(xiàn)實決定了司馬遷在深思社會制約的起源時,將君王的作用放到了關鍵位置,因此主張社會制約的主體是統(tǒng)治者,這就決定了司馬遷對歷史上幾種社會治理模式的深思中,還是以統(tǒng)治者為中心,并沿著這個以統(tǒng)治者為中心的思路而提出自己理想的社會治理模式,但歷史眼光決定了其對統(tǒng)治者提出的要求,以民為本�？偨Y司馬遷的社會思想,主要有鮮明的人文精神、濃厚的平民色彩、強烈的批判性和獨特的創(chuàng)造性幾大特點,盡管長久沒有得到重視,但掩蓋不了其思想光輝。

【Abstract】 Social thought is shaped in daily life and practice. It is mainly about the construction and management of social life order and the idea and theory of idealistic social mode. Sima Qian illustrated his own point of view about the social thought in Historical Records. In the book social thought played an important role in his idea system. However, few scholars focused on it for a long time. The thesis tries to discuss the social thought of Sima Qian in the following three aspects by using relative theories and methods provided by sociology:Firstly, the thesis talks about Sima Qian’s thought about social origin and development. Sima Qian put the human and social origin on "humans", suggesting that Yellow Emperor contributed to the change from social disorder into organization. But he also suggested that the deep reason of the change is due to man’s desire, showing society is continuously changing and developing. Therefore, the basic reason of social change and development is due to "humans".Secondly, the thesis involves his thought of social stratification. Limited by age, Sima Qian still thought of the political position as the main standard of social stratification, which was shown in Historical Records. Meanwhile, he proposed that "Su Feng Lun" challenged social stratification of right standard. He also raised his own thought about kings, officials and citizens, which were the typical and ranked social roles in that society. On the basis, Sima Qian criticized the ruler of that time limited the social mobility and supported an open society.Thirdly, the thesis discusses his thought of social control and social administrative mode. When Sima Qian thought about the origin of social control, he thought the kings effect is the key point. Therefore, he intended that the main part of social control is the ruler. So it turns out that ruler is the center in the several mode sof social administration by Sima Qian. He gave out his own realistic social administrative mode by his theory. But his view on history determined that he would raise more demands to the ruler:people oriented.Sima Qian’s social thought contains clear humanistic spirit,deep commoner characteristics, strong criticalness. Although few people regarded his social idea, it does be meaningful and valuable.

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  本文關鍵詞：司馬遷社會思想探析，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。