本文關(guān)鍵詞：“沃爾什標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”研究　出處：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：英國哲學(xué)家沃爾什廓清了歷史哲學(xué)的兩大領(lǐng)域,即思辨的歷史哲學(xué)與分析的歷史哲學(xué),他認(rèn)為馬克思主義的歷史哲學(xué)應(yīng)屬于思辨的歷史哲學(xué)。沃爾什對歷史哲學(xué)理論形態(tài)的劃分方式即“沃爾什標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”。馬克思主義的歷史哲學(xué)是否是思辨的歷史哲學(xué)以及如何在對馬克思主義歷史哲學(xué)性質(zhì)進(jìn)行定位的問題上超越“沃爾什標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”,構(gòu)成本文的核心問題。對該問題進(jìn)行研究主要基于以下幾種考量：從研究現(xiàn)狀來看,關(guān)于“沃爾什標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”的研究多已涉及馬克思主義歷史哲學(xué)性質(zhì)的問題,并有較為豐富且可供參考的研究內(nèi)容。然而,關(guān)于這個問題的專題研究卻不多見,缺乏總體性的觀照及系統(tǒng)的分析。從學(xué)理層面來看,“沃爾什標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”夸大了馬克思主義歷史哲學(xué)的思辨性,漠視其分析性,若簡單套用必會引起一系列的思想混亂。例如,把馬克思主義歷史哲學(xué)單純地定位為思辨的歷史哲學(xué)是不恰當(dāng)?shù)?同時這種定位會使我們忽視馬克思主義哲學(xué)的歷史認(rèn)識論,最終影響我們對馬克思主義歷史哲學(xué)進(jìn)行科學(xué)、準(zhǔn)確的定位。本文研究的意義正在于追根溯源,廓清“沃爾什標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”的有效性邊界,消解馬克思主義歷史哲學(xué)研究中的誤見。此外,對“沃爾什標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”理論問題的全面分析,可以加深對西方歷史哲學(xué)理論的理解,更有效地回應(yīng)西方歷史哲學(xué)的詰難。從現(xiàn)實意義來看,“沃爾什標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”確有簡單化缺陷,也存在被唯心史觀利用的可能。近年來歷史虛無主義者大肆宣揚“革命無用論”,試圖重新解讀馬克思主義哲學(xué),以否認(rèn)改革開放前的歷史,否認(rèn)革命在中華民族偉大復(fù)興事業(yè)上的重大影響,全盤否定偉人的業(yè)績,其本質(zhì)就是一種唯心史觀,目的是發(fā)動輿論瓦解中國人民的精神凝聚力。因此,針對“沃爾什標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”中關(guān)于馬克思主義歷史哲學(xué)性質(zhì)的誤讀進(jìn)行必要的澄清,防止唯心主義者見縫插針,對于抵制歷史虛無主義之風(fēng)有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。本文自覺堅持歷史與邏輯相統(tǒng)一的科學(xué)研究方法,對馬克思主義歷史哲學(xué)的定性問題作出如下研究。研究分為四部分內(nèi)容,導(dǎo)論部分提出“沃爾什標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”于學(xué)界引起的理論混亂,著重分析梳理了本文研究的意義與目前國內(nèi)外研究者對該爭議的觀點以及這些觀點的合理性及局限性。第二部分對“沃爾什標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”的內(nèi)涵進(jìn)行全面解讀,著重闡明沃爾什對思辨歷史哲學(xué)以及分析歷史哲學(xué)的基本觀點。第三部分是對“沃爾什標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”的反思,深度揭示“沃爾什標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”的學(xué)理意義與理論的有效性邊界以及“沃爾什標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”引起爭議的原因,此部分最后以馬克思主義歷史哲學(xué)為例具體分析了“沃爾什標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”的理論困境。第四部分主要回答本文提出的核心問題,具體論證了思辨性與分析性的關(guān)系、歷史本身與歷史認(rèn)識的關(guān)系等問題,證實馬克思主義歷史哲學(xué)是一種實現(xiàn)思辨性與分析性相統(tǒng)一的實踐的歷史哲學(xué)。該研究的主要結(jié)論：“沃爾什標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”準(zhǔn)確把握了歷史本體論的普遍特征和歷史認(rèn)識論的主要問題,卻忽視了歷史思維性質(zhì)與人類生產(chǎn)生活實踐的關(guān)系,這是他對馬克思主義理論產(chǎn)生誤解的主要原因。需要澄清的是：馬克思研究黑格爾理論的結(jié)果絕非簡單量的積累而是質(zhì)的飛越；馬克思主義理論的科學(xué)性不等同于自然科學(xué)的科學(xué)性,它的研究從始至終都立足于人類社會實踐,表達(dá)著對人類命運的關(guān)切,這才是該理論比科學(xué)實證主義更具真理性的地方；馬克思主義歷史哲學(xué)既不是經(jīng)驗真理也不是先驗命題,更不能簡單地概括為經(jīng)濟(jì)決定論。馬克思主義歷史哲學(xué)同時具有思辨性與分析性,但它既不是思辨的歷史哲學(xué)也不是分析的歷史哲學(xué),而是實踐的歷史哲學(xué)。它的思辨性與分析性不同于以往的一切歷史哲學(xué),這種個性體現(xiàn)在馬克思主義歷史哲學(xué)對人類社會的改造以及希冀實現(xiàn)人的自由發(fā)展的目的。這是一種與全人類息息相關(guān)的歷史實踐理論,有效地解決了以往歷史哲學(xué)中思辨性與分析性的矛盾,使同時證明思辨內(nèi)容的客觀真理性以及分析批判內(nèi)容的存在合理性成為可能,使二者實現(xiàn)真正的統(tǒng)一。
[Abstract]:The British philosopher Walsh clarified the two fields of philosophy of history, the philosophy of history and the analysis of the speculative philosophy of history, he believes that Marx's philosophy of history should belong to the speculative philosophy of history. Walsh of the division of the history of philosophy form theory is the "Walsh standard". Whether Marx's philosophy of history is the history of philosophy and how to go beyond the "Walsh standard" to locate the nature of Marx's philosophy of history on the issue, constitute the core issue of this paper. The research is mainly based on the following considerations: from the current situation of research, research on the "Walsh standard" has been involved in the Marx philosophy of history and the nature of the problem, research content is rich and can be used for reference. However, studies on this issue are rare, the lack of overall perspective and system The analysis. From the viewpoint of subject theory, the "Walsh standard" exaggerated speculation of Marx's philosophy of history, the analysis of indifference, if simply will cause a series of confusion. For example, the Marx philosophy of history simply as speculative philosophy of history is not appropriate, at the same time this location we will ignore Marx's philosophy of history epistemology, ultimately affect our science of Marx's philosophy of history, accurate positioning. The significance of this study is to clarify the effectiveness of boundary tracing to its source, "Walsh standard", Marx's philosophy of history study on digestion in error. In addition, a comprehensive analysis of the "Walsh standard the theory of" problem, it can deepen the understanding of the history of western philosophy theory, to respond more effectively to the western philosophy of history criticism. From the point of view of practical significance, "wal What does standard simple defects, there is historical idealism may be used. In recent years the history of nihilist trumpeted "revolution is useless", trying to re interpret Marx's philosophy, to deny that before the reform and opening up the history, deny the revolutionary great influence in the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation's career, negate the great performance. Its essence is a kind of idealism, the purpose of which is to mobilize public opinion Chinese collapse of people's spiritual cohesion. Therefore, according to the "misreading of Marx's philosophy of history of Walsh standard" to clarify, prevent the idealist Jianfengchazhen, it is of great practical significance to resist wind. In this paper, the history of nihilism consciously adhere to the scientific research methods the unity of history and logic, make the following research on the qualitative problem of Marx's historical philosophy research is divided into four parts. The introduction part puts forward the content, the "Walsh standard" in the academic circle caused by the chaos theory, emphatically analyses the significance of this study and research at home and abroad on the controversial views and these views of the rationality and limitation of connotation. The second part of the "Walsh standard" to conduct a comprehensive interpretation, expounds the basic concept of Walsh the speculative philosophy of history and philosophy of history. The third part is the reflection of the "Walsh standard", "Walsh revealed the depth standard" the effectiveness of boundary science significance and theory as well as the "Walsh standard" controversial, at the end of this part by Marx's philosophy of history as an example analyzes the theoretical predicament of Walsh standard ". The fourth part mainly answers the core problem is put forward in this paper, this paper discusses the speculation and analysis of the relationship between history and history Understanding the history of relations and other issues, Marx confirmed that the philosophy of history is a speculative practice and analysis of the unity of historical philosophy. The main conclusions of the study: "Walsh standard" to accurately grasp the main problems of the history of ontology and general characteristics of historical epistemology, but ignore the relationship between nature and historical thinking practice in the production of human life, this is the main reason for his misunderstanding of Marx's theory. It needs to be clarified is: over the Marx Hagel theory research results is not a simple accumulation of quantity but quality; the scientific nature of science is not equal to Marx's theory of natural science, the research of it from beginning to end based on human society in practice, the expression of the human destiny concern, this is the theory more rational than scientific positivism; Marx's philosophy of history is not Is the experience of truth is not a priori proposition, it cannot be simply summarized as economic determinism. Marx's philosophy of history is also speculation and analysis, but it is not a speculative philosophy of history is not the analytical philosophy of history, but the practice of the philosophy of history. Its speculative and analytical philosophy of history is different from all previous this kind of personality, reflected in Marx's philosophy of history of human society transformation and hope to realize the free development of people. This is a kind of human history is closely related with the theory of practice, to effectively solve the speculative philosophy of history and analysis of the contradiction, and that make speculative content of truth the analysis and critique the rationality as possible, so that the two true unification.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：K01

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本文編號：1410797