【摘要】：農(nóng)民在城市化進(jìn)程中失去土地之后,面臨著生活、就業(yè)、心理認(rèn)同等方面的適應(yīng)需求,這些需要政府、社會(huì)和失地農(nóng)民共同努力,完成農(nóng)民在失去土地之后的社會(huì)適應(yīng)目標(biāo)。同時(shí),失地農(nóng)民的社會(huì)適應(yīng)也反映了城市化背景下社會(huì)整合的效果,使得失地農(nóng)民社會(huì)適應(yīng)問題日趨緊迫和重要。 本文首先從失地農(nóng)民的職業(yè)、生活、社會(huì)交往和心理這四個(gè)方面描述了失地農(nóng)民的社會(huì)適應(yīng)狀況。失地農(nóng)民的土地被國家或政府征收,失去了原本賴以生存的生產(chǎn)資料,脫離了農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)；居住的空間從農(nóng)村轉(zhuǎn)移到了城市社區(qū)；身份從農(nóng)民轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樯鐓^(qū)居民。失地農(nóng)民的職業(yè)、生活方式、居住環(huán)境、身份、社會(huì)關(guān)系等諸多方面都發(fā)生了重大變化。調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),目前失地農(nóng)民的職業(yè)地位較低,待遇較低；經(jīng)濟(jì)收入有限,生活水平較低,生活保障不足；社會(huì)交往仍以傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)村社會(huì)的交往為主,現(xiàn)代城市的社會(huì)交往關(guān)系逐漸發(fā)展起來了；大部分失地農(nóng)民對自己的居民身份認(rèn)同不足。 第二,本文從適應(yīng)方式上將失地農(nóng)民社會(huì)適應(yīng)方式劃分為主動(dòng)適應(yīng)和被動(dòng)調(diào)試兩種適應(yīng)策略。主動(dòng)適應(yīng)的狀態(tài)是失地農(nóng)民會(huì)積極主動(dòng)地采取行動(dòng)去適應(yīng)社會(huì)適應(yīng),在行動(dòng)策略上會(huì)盡量采取所有能夠多的行動(dòng)手段、資源,甚至是改造環(huán)境來促進(jìn)其社會(huì)適應(yīng)。被動(dòng)調(diào)適則是一種消極的適應(yīng)行動(dòng)。農(nóng)民在失去土地之后,生活環(huán)境和職業(yè)條件改變了,農(nóng)民則是消極的去采取調(diào)適行動(dòng),在行動(dòng)策略上則過分依賴于已有的資源。被動(dòng)調(diào)適向主動(dòng)適應(yīng)的轉(zhuǎn)變主要是依靠個(gè)人態(tài)度轉(zhuǎn)變和個(gè)人行動(dòng)策略的增加。 第三,本文考察了影響失地農(nóng)民社會(huì)適應(yīng)的因素,主要可以從主觀和客觀兩個(gè)方面來分析。從客觀方面來說,經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、文化和社區(qū)居住環(huán)境因素直接作用于失地農(nóng)民的社會(huì)適應(yīng)過程,對他們能否快速順暢的適應(yīng)城市生活起著舉足輕重的作用。主觀方面來看,失地農(nóng)民的個(gè)體因素成為其能否積極主動(dòng)完成社會(huì)適應(yīng)的關(guān)鍵條件。因此,分析失地農(nóng)民的社會(huì)適應(yīng)問題,必須多角度多層次探討影響失地農(nóng)民社會(huì)適應(yīng)的因素,并以此為依據(jù),為失地農(nóng)民更好的適應(yīng)城市生活提供指導(dǎo)性的參考和建議。 最后,本文以實(shí)地調(diào)查過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)的問題為基礎(chǔ),從社會(huì)整合的視角,提出失地農(nóng)民社會(huì)適應(yīng)的對策建議。對策包括兩個(gè)維度：外部支持體系和個(gè)體能動(dòng)資源,分別從法律、政策、社區(qū)和個(gè)體四大主體提出具體措施促進(jìn)失地農(nóng)民的社會(huì)適應(yīng),即完善法律法規(guī),保障失地農(nóng)民的合法權(quán)益；明確政府角色,發(fā)揮社會(huì)政策的保障優(yōu)勢；發(fā)揮社區(qū)功能,發(fā)展失地農(nóng)民社會(huì)適應(yīng)的社區(qū)支持模式和繼續(xù)個(gè)體社會(huì)化過程,促進(jìn)失地農(nóng)民的再社會(huì)化。
[Abstract]:After farmers lose their land in the process of urbanization, they are faced with the adaptation needs of life, employment, psychological identity and so on, which need the joint efforts of the government, society and landless farmers to complete the social adaptation goals of farmers after losing their land. At the same time, the social adaptation of land-lost farmers also reflects the effect of social integration under the background of urbanization, which makes the social adaptation of land-lost farmers become more and more urgent and important. This paper first describes the social adaptation of landless farmers from four aspects: occupation, life, social interaction and psychology. The land of landless farmers is expropriated by the state or the government, losing the means of production on which they were originally dependent, leaving the agricultural production; moving the living space from the countryside to the urban communities; and changing the identity from the peasants to the community residents. The occupation, life style, living environment, identity and social relationship of landless farmers have changed greatly. The survey found that at present, landless farmers have lower professional status and lower treatment; limited economic income, low living standard and inadequate living security; and social exchanges are still dominated by traditional rural social exchanges. The social relations in modern cities have developed gradually, and most landless farmers have insufficient identity with their own residents. Secondly, this paper divides the social adaptation of land-lost farmers into two adaptation strategies: active adaptation and passive adjustment. The state of active adaptation is that landless farmers will actively take action to adapt to social adaptation, and will try their best to adopt as many action means, resources and even environment as possible in action strategies to promote their social adaptation. Passive adaptation is a negative adaptation. After farmers lose their land, their living environment and professional conditions change, while farmers passively take adjustment actions, and over-rely on existing resources in action strategies. The transformation from passive adaptation to active adaptation mainly depends on the change of individual attitude and the increase of individual action strategy. Thirdly, this paper examines the factors that affect the social adaptation of landless farmers, which can be analyzed from subjective and objective aspects. Objectively speaking, economic, social, cultural and community living environment factors directly affect the process of social adaptation of landless farmers, and play an important role in their ability to adapt to urban life quickly and smoothly. Subjectively, the individual factors of landless farmers become the key conditions for their active completion of social adaptation. Therefore, to analyze the problem of social adaptation of land-lost farmers, we must discuss the factors that affect the social adaptation of land-lost farmers from multiple angles and levels, and take this as the basis to provide guidance and suggestions for land-lost farmers to adapt to urban life better. Finally, based on the problems found in the field investigation and from the perspective of social integration, this paper puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions for the social adaptation of landless farmers. Countermeasures include two dimensions: external support system and individual active resources, respectively from the law, policy, community and individual four main body put forward specific measures to promote the social adaptation of land-losing farmers, that is, to improve laws and regulations. To protect the legitimate rights and interests of landless farmers; to make clear the role of the government, to give play to the social policy security advantages; to develop the community support model for the social adaptation of landless farmers; and to continue the process of individual socialization. To promote the re-socialization of landless farmers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：C912.8

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 秦啟文;吳爽;;城市化進(jìn)程中失地農(nóng)民的社會(huì)排斥研究[J];安徽農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2008年24期

2 唐忠新;社區(qū)建設(shè):中國城市社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型的必然選擇[J];北京社會(huì)科學(xué);1999年01期

3 石琴;李華;馮梅;;大學(xué)城建設(shè)中失地農(nóng)民的社會(huì)保障問題研究——以重慶大學(xué)城為個(gè)案[J];重慶大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2010年03期

4 李晉;城市化進(jìn)程中失地農(nóng)民心理不適的分析和對策[J];成都行政學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)(哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué));2004年03期

5 裴智;對城市化進(jìn)程中失地農(nóng)民社會(huì)保障問題的思考[J];重慶工商大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2004年04期

6 成濤林,夏永祥;被征地農(nóng)民的權(quán)益保護(hù)研究[J];城市發(fā)展研究;2004年05期

7 谷亞光;;我國失地農(nóng)民社會(huì)保障問題探討[J];當(dāng)代經(jīng)濟(jì)研究;2010年05期

8 費(fèi)孝通;“三級兩跳”中的文化思考[J];讀書;2001年04期

9 聶洪輝;;失地農(nóng)民城市融合的一個(gè)分析框架[J];湖南社會(huì)科學(xué);2009年05期

10 張鐵軍;;困境與突破:失地農(nóng)民城市適應(yīng)問題研究[J];福州黨校學(xué)報(bào);2010年06期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 廖小軍;論中國農(nóng)民與土地的關(guān)系及解決當(dāng)前失地農(nóng)民問題的對策[D];福建師范大學(xué);2005年

，

本文編號：2288221