【摘要】：婦女地位和家庭關(guān)系的演變是馬克思?xì)v史唯物主義理論的組成部分。恩格斯晚年在考察古代社會(huì)以完善歷史唯物主義理論的過(guò)程中,形成了科學(xué)的婦女解放思想。從根源上看,私有制和階級(jí)壓迫的產(chǎn)生是婦女受壓迫的根本原因。正是由于婦女脫離了社會(huì)勞動(dòng),才使婦女像所有私有產(chǎn)品和被壓迫階級(jí)那樣,開(kāi)始處于一種被奴役、被支配的從屬地位,所以婦女的解放以生產(chǎn)力的極大發(fā)展為前提,這種生產(chǎn)力的進(jìn)步使婦女繁重的家務(wù)勞動(dòng)得以減輕,能夠從事更多的社會(huì)勞動(dòng)。現(xiàn)實(shí)中,婦女解放的程度已經(jīng)成為衡量一個(gè)社會(huì)進(jìn)步程度的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代背景下,工業(yè)社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力的極大發(fā)展不僅為婦女解放提供了歷史前提,還為婦女創(chuàng)業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)獨(dú)立創(chuàng)造了新的歷史機(jī)遇。當(dāng)前中國(guó)婦女創(chuàng)業(yè)在動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)成和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)風(fēng)格上存在明顯的性別特征,這些特征是婦女創(chuàng)業(yè)的特色,也是其顯著優(yōu)勢(shì)。在性別差異視角下,文章對(duì)中國(guó)主要群體,如民營(yíng)企業(yè)家、女大學(xué)生、下崗女工和女性網(wǎng)紅的創(chuàng)業(yè)現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了深入研究,以發(fā)現(xiàn)、總結(jié)婦女創(chuàng)業(yè)的現(xiàn)實(shí)困境。主要困境有:在國(guó)家政策制定過(guò)程中存在女性邊緣化或隔離的現(xiàn)象;在創(chuàng)業(yè)教育培訓(xùn)方面,實(shí)際建設(shè)滯后于婦女創(chuàng)業(yè)的蓬勃發(fā)展;而婦女創(chuàng)業(yè)的行業(yè)也多以規(guī)模較小的企業(yè)為主;最后社會(huì)環(huán)境也不利于婦女創(chuàng)業(yè),主要表現(xiàn)為社會(huì)和家庭雙重身份之間的難以兼顧。針對(duì)這些現(xiàn)實(shí)困境,結(jié)合婦女創(chuàng)業(yè)的性別特征,文章提出了推進(jìn)婦女創(chuàng)業(yè)的對(duì)策建議。在政策扶持方面,國(guó)家應(yīng)效仿一些發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家,將推進(jìn)婦女創(chuàng)業(yè)的決策納入頂層設(shè)計(jì)中、加強(qiáng)創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育力度、構(gòu)建完善的孵化器集群以及促進(jìn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)電商生態(tài)體系的日益完善。在社會(huì)環(huán)境方面,國(guó)家應(yīng)落實(shí)家務(wù)勞動(dòng)社會(huì)化的進(jìn)程同時(shí)應(yīng)發(fā)揮婦女組織尤其是婦聯(lián)的重要支撐作用。自提出"大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬(wàn)眾創(chuàng)新"政策號(hào)召以來(lái),婦聯(lián)在平臺(tái)創(chuàng)建、培訓(xùn)服務(wù)、輿論環(huán)境等方面都發(fā)揮了重要作用,是婦女創(chuàng)業(yè)的重要推手。
[Abstract]:The evolution of women's status and family relationship is the component of Marx's historical materialism theory. In his later years, Engels formed a scientific emancipation of women's minds in the course of investigating the ancient society and perfecting the historical materialism theory. From the root, the emergence of private ownership and class oppression is the root cause of women's oppression. It is precisely because of the separation of women from social labour that women, like all private goods and oppressed classes, have begun to be enslaved and dominated, and that the emancipation of women is premised on the great development of productive forces. This improvement in productivity reduces women's heavy domestic work and enables them to engage in more social work. In reality, the degree of women's liberation has become a measure of social progress. Under the background of the Internet era, the great development of industrial social productivity not only provides a historical premise for women's liberation, but also creates a new historical opportunity for women's entrepreneurship to realize their economic independence. At present, there are obvious gender characteristics in motivation composition and leadership style of Chinese women's entrepreneurship, which are the characteristics of women's entrepreneurship as well as their significant advantages. From the perspective of gender difference, this paper makes an in-depth study on the current situation of entrepreneurship of major groups in China, such as private entrepreneurs, female college students, laid-off women workers and female network celebrities, in order to find out the practical dilemma of women's entrepreneurship. The main difficulties are: the phenomenon of women being marginalized or segregated in the process of national policy making, the fact that the construction lags behind the vigorous development of women's entrepreneurship in the aspect of entrepreneurship education and training; The industry of women's entrepreneurship is mainly small enterprises, and the final social environment is not conducive to women's entrepreneurship, mainly for the dual identity of society and family difficult to take into account. In view of these practical difficulties, combined with the gender characteristics of women's entrepreneurship, the paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to promote women's entrepreneurship. In terms of policy support, the country should follow the example of some developed countries, incorporate the decision to promote women's entrepreneurship into the top-level design, strengthen innovative entrepreneurship education, build a perfect incubator cluster and promote the improvement of the network ecommerce ecological system. In terms of social environment, the state should carry out the process of socialization of domestic work and give play to the important supporting role of women's organizations, especially women's federations. Since putting forward the policy call of "mass entrepreneurship, mass innovation", the Women's Federation has played an important role in the establishment of platform, training service, public opinion environment and so on, and is an important promoter of women's entrepreneurship.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F279.2;C913.68

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