【摘要】：本文通過對明清以來北京湖南會館的歷史考察,探討其發(fā)展的時代特征、類型變化、管理體制以及社會功能等,揭示會館文化與政治意識、社會經(jīng)濟(jì)之間的相互關(guān)系。明代后期,伴隨著政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化的發(fā)展,湖南各地在北京城內(nèi)先后創(chuàng)建了6所會館。延及清代,北京湖南會館數(shù)量比明朝增加了26所,形成了一個由縣館、府館、區(qū)域型會館及省館構(gòu)成的完整體系。進(jìn)入民國后,由于政治環(huán)境的變動,北京湖南會館有增有減,但總體上呈現(xiàn)出下降趨勢。明代以來北京湖南會館的發(fā)展,不僅表現(xiàn)為數(shù)量的增加,還體現(xiàn)在其發(fā)展過程之中類型的多樣化,主要有作為湖南籍在京官員聚會和湖南籍官員赴京寄居之地,科舉試館和同鄉(xiāng)會組織等3種類型。這3種類型因時而變,相互交替,呈現(xiàn)出鮮明的時代特征。清代以后北京湖南會館的發(fā)展,不僅與科舉制度的興替有著直接的關(guān)聯(lián),還受到官方的管理政策的影響和制約。清代時期,北京湖南會館實行館長值年制,一般由同籍京官擔(dān)任館長,統(tǒng)籌會館的具體事務(wù),會館的日常雜務(wù)則由會館出資聘請的長班負(fù)責(zé),館長值年的管理體制保證了北京湖南會館的組織運(yùn)作。民國時期,北京湖南會館的管理模式有董事會、同鄉(xiāng)會、理事會三種管理模式,同鄉(xiāng)大會是會館的最高權(quán)利機(jī)構(gòu)。從館長值年制到理事會管理模式的轉(zhuǎn)變,反映了清末民初以后北京湖南會館管理體制的社團(tuán)化。清代至民國時期,北京湖南會館的社會功能經(jīng)歷了一個不斷擴(kuò)大的過程,由傳統(tǒng)的祀神、合樂,義舉、公約,發(fā)展到參加在京和家鄉(xiāng)的各項政治事務(wù)。尤其是清末以降,隨著國內(nèi)的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化的變動,北京的湖南會館不僅從科舉時代的試館演變?yōu)樾率綄W(xué)校的創(chuàng)辦者,還參與到“辛亥革命”、“驅(qū)張運(yùn)動”和“維護(hù)水口山礦權(quán)”等政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)動中。從科舉試館向近代社團(tuán)的演變,折射出清末民國時期北京湖南會館社會功能的政治化。
[Abstract]:Based on the historical investigation of Hunan Guild Hall in Beijing since the Ming and Qing dynasties, this paper probes into its development characteristics, types, management system and social functions, and reveals the relationship among culture, political consciousness and social economy of the Guild Hall. In the late Ming Dynasty, with the development of politics, economy and culture, six halls were established in Beijing. As far as the Qing Dynasty, the number of Hunan clubs in Beijing increased by 26 compared with the Ming Dynasty, forming a complete system composed of county, government, regional and provincial halls. After entering the Republic of China, due to the change of the political environment, the Beijing Hunan Guild Hall has increased and decreased, but on the whole it has shown a downward trend. Since the Ming Dynasty, the development of the Beijing Hunan Guild Hall has not only shown the increase in the number, but also reflected in the diversification of the types in its development process, mainly as a gathering of Hunan officials in Beijing and as a sojourn place for Hunan officials to live in Beijing. The imperial examination hall and the local association organization and so on 3 kinds of types. These three types change from time to time, alternating with each other, showing distinct characteristics of the times. After the Qing Dynasty, the development of Beijing Hunan Guild Hall was not only directly related to the rise and replacement of imperial examination system, but also influenced and restricted by the official management policy. During the Qing Dynasty, the Beijing Hunan Guild was under the annual system of curator, and the officials of the same nationality served as the curator, coordinating the specific affairs of the Guildhall, and the daily chores of the Guild were taken care of by the long classes paid for by the Guild. The management system of the curator ensures the organization and operation of the Beijing Hunan Guild. During the period of the Republic of China, the management mode of Hunan Guild in Beijing included the board of directors, the local association and the council. The transformation from the curator's annual system to the management mode of the Board of Governors reflects the corporatization of the management system of the Beijing Hunan Guild Hall after the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. From the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, the social function of the Beijing Hunan Guild underwent a process of continuous expansion, from the traditional worship of gods, joy, righteousness, convention, to participate in the political affairs in Beijing and hometown. Especially in the late Qing Dynasty, with the political, economic and cultural changes in the country, the Hunan Guild Museum in Beijing not only evolved from a test hall in the imperial examination era to the founder of a new school, but also participated in the "1911 Revolution." In the political and economic movements, such as "driving Zhang Movement" and "protecting the mining rights of Shuikoushan". The evolution from the imperial examination hall to the modern society reflects the politicization of the social function of the Beijing Hunan Guild during the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K29;C912.2

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 鄒怡;;善欲何為:明清時期北京歙縣會館研究(1560—1834)[J];史林;2015年05期

2 王日根;;清中后期政府對會館的監(jiān)管[J];廈門大學(xué)學(xué)報( 哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)版);2013年05期

3 唐燕;;清末民初湖南在京會館的演變[J];文史博覽(理論);2012年04期

4 胡小偉;;關(guān)公:明清科舉神[J];清遠(yuǎn)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院學(xué)報;2011年05期

5 蔡勤禹;袁金旺;;近代青島的“同鄉(xiāng)組織”探究[J];中共青島市委黨校.青島行政學(xué)院學(xué)報;2011年01期

6 許檀;;清代河南西部的商業(yè)重鎮(zhèn)荊子關(guān)——以山陜會館碑刻資料為中心的考察[J];天津師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(社會科學(xué)版);2009年05期

7 趙春芬;;民國時期旅蓉同鄉(xiāng)會特征[J];學(xué)理論;2009年20期

8 孫向群;;同鄉(xiāng)組織的近代變遷——以旅京魯籍同鄉(xiāng)會為考察對象[J];東岳論叢;2009年04期

9 鄧愛紅;;明清江西新建縣在北京的會館考述[J];江西教育學(xué)院學(xué)報;2009年02期

10 許檀;清代河南朱仙鎮(zhèn)的商業(yè)——以山陜會館碑刻資料為中心的考察[J];史學(xué)月刊;2005年06期

相關(guān)重要報紙文章 前2條

1 張宏杰;;清代京官如何解決住房問題[N];北京日報;2015年

2 祁建;;孫中山五次到湖廣會館[N];中國檔案報;2004年

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 馬曉粉;清代云南會館研究[D];云南大學(xué);2014年

2 王洪兵;清代順天府與京畿社會治理研究[D];南開大學(xué);2009年

3 宋倫;明清時期山陜會館研究[D];西北大學(xué);2008年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 趙鵬飛;民國初年至建國初期北京江西會館管理體制研究（1915-1956）[D];江西師范大學(xué);2015年

2 陳萌萌;清代后期安徽會館文化研究[D];首都師范大學(xué);2014年

3 李海濤;江西旅漢同鄉(xiāng)會研究（1945-1949）[D];華中師范大學(xué);2014年

4 陳鵬;云南會館建筑地域特征及其文化研究[D];昆明理工大學(xué);2013年

5 張少婷;清代山西會館慈善事業(yè)研究[D];西北師范大學(xué);2012年

6 黃建勝;湘西地區(qū)江西會館功能研究[D];吉首大學(xué);2012年

7 羅琳;長沙地區(qū)會館文化探析[D];湖南師范大學(xué);2010年

8 張明勝;清代以降桂中三江會館研究[D];廣西師范大學(xué);2010年

9 于鵬;河南“山陜會館”建筑研究[D];山東輕工業(yè)學(xué)院;2009年

10 姜小軍;清代陜南會館的歷史地理學(xué)研究[D];陜西師范大學(xué);2008年

，

本文編號：2269137