【摘要】：中國(guó)的發(fā)展,在世界各大國(guó)的比較中有一個(gè)很特殊的方面,那就是有一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期的目標(biāo)和規(guī)劃。為了這個(gè)目標(biāo),幾代人持續(xù)追求、矢志不移,功成不必在我。自改革開(kāi)放初期,中國(guó)就確立了建設(shè)小康社會(huì)的奮斗目標(biāo),21世紀(jì)初又提出到2020年全面建成小康社會(huì)的目標(biāo)。"全面小康社會(huì)",是中國(guó)人民對(duì)未來(lái)幸福生活的夢(mèng)想,它的一個(gè)重要的量化指標(biāo)就是"擴(kuò)大中等收入者比重,努力縮小城鄉(xiāng)、區(qū)域、行業(yè)收入分配差距,逐步形成橄欖型分配格局"。當(dāng)前,中國(guó)進(jìn)入經(jīng)濟(jì)新常態(tài)和社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型的新階段,能否成功跨越"中等收入陷阱",成為一個(gè)關(guān)系中國(guó)發(fā)展前途的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題。我們可以給"中等收入陷阱"添加一層含義:一方面指一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家能否成功跨越中等收入國(guó)家發(fā)展階段,進(jìn)入高收入國(guó)家發(fā)展階段和如期實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化;另一方面意味著在發(fā)展中能否防止兩極分化,成功建成一個(gè)中等收入群體占主體的橄欖型社會(huì)。這兩個(gè)方面實(shí)際上是密切相連的,因?yàn)榻^大多數(shù)陷入"中等收入陷阱"的國(guó)家都出現(xiàn)了貧富懸殊問(wèn)題。在這種大背景下,開(kāi)展中等收入群體的研究,在中國(guó)當(dāng)下具有非常重要的意義。首先,在政治層面,中國(guó)要建成的中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義社會(huì),"社會(huì)主義"是其社會(huì)本質(zhì)的定語(yǔ),這不僅意味著要獲得生產(chǎn)力快速發(fā)展的優(yōu)勢(shì),還意味著必須走"共同富裕"的發(fā)展道路。其次,在經(jīng)濟(jì)層面,中國(guó)今后的長(zhǎng)期發(fā)展,無(wú)法再主要依賴于大規(guī)模投資和出口,國(guó)內(nèi)消費(fèi)將成為中國(guó)長(zhǎng)期持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要支撐,而沒(méi)有中等收入群體的壯大和大眾消費(fèi)的成長(zhǎng),就不可能擁有強(qiáng)大的消費(fèi)驅(qū)動(dòng)。再者,在社會(huì)層面,世界各國(guó)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明,一個(gè)中等收入群體占主體的橄欖型社會(huì),才是一個(gè)能夠保證社會(huì)長(zhǎng)期和諧安定、人民安居樂(lè)業(yè)的社會(huì)。最后,在文化層面,中等收入群體也是主流價(jià)值觀形成的基礎(chǔ),在一個(gè)中等收入群體占主體的社會(huì)中,才能有效防止各種極端主義的形成。
[Abstract]:China's development has a very special aspect in the comparison of the world's great powers, that is, it has a long-term goal and plan. For this goal, several generations of people continue to pursue, unswervingly, achievements need not be in me. Since the beginning of reform and opening up, China has established the goal of building a well-off society. At the beginning of the 21st century, it has put forward the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way by 2020. " A well-to-do society in an all-round way is the dream of the Chinese people for a happy life in the future. One of its important quantitative indicators is to "expand the proportion of middle-income people and strive to narrow the income distribution gap between urban and rural areas, regions and industries." Gradually form the olive-shaped distribution pattern. At present, China has entered a new stage of economic normal and social transformation. Whether China can successfully cross the "middle income trap" has become a key issue related to the future of China's development. We can add a layer of meaning to the "middle-income trap": on the one hand, whether a developing country can successfully cross the development stage of a middle-income country, enter the development stage of a high-income country and realize modernization on schedule; On the other hand, it means whether we can prevent polarization in development and build a middle-income group-dominated olive-shaped society. These two aspects are actually closely linked, as the vast majority of countries caught in the middle-income trap suffer from the disparity between the rich and the poor. Under this background, it is of great significance to carry out the research on middle-income groups in China. First of all, at the political level, the socialist society with Chinese characteristics to be built in China, "socialism" is the attribute of its social essence, which means not only to gain the advantage of rapid development of productive forces. It also means that we must follow the path of "common prosperity". Secondly, at the economic level, China's long-term development in the future can no longer depend mainly on large-scale investment and exports, and domestic consumption will become an important support for China's long-term sustainable development. Without the growth of middle-income groups and mass consumption, there can be no strong consumption drive. Furthermore, on the social level, the experience of the world countries shows that an olive society with middle income group as the main body is a society which can guarantee the long-term harmony and stability of the society and the people living and working in peace and contentment. Finally, at the cultural level, the middle income group is also the basis of the formation of mainstream values. In a society where the middle income group occupies the main body, the formation of various extremism can be effectively prevented.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院社會(huì)學(xué)研究所;
【分類號(hào)】：C912.68

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