【摘要】：女性主義是眾多女性主義思潮的統(tǒng)稱,而每一個女性主義思潮都有其相對應(yīng)的社會運(yùn)動,因此思潮和運(yùn)動也成為女性主義的兩個區(qū)分向度,這就是我們通常所說的理論和實踐,例如,自由主義女性主義在理論思想上借鑒了自由主義政治思想,與之相對應(yīng)的社會運(yùn)動為爭取平等的選舉權(quán)與被選舉權(quán)。這些思想流派和與之相對應(yīng)的社會運(yùn)動即有其獨特的一面,又有其自身的局限性,所以女性主義各個流派總是會相互批判,而平等與差異作為流派爭論的共性問題,其內(nèi)在邏輯的轉(zhuǎn)變可以說就是一部女權(quán)運(yùn)動史。平等可以分為實質(zhì)上的平等和形式上的平等,兩性平等的實質(zhì)就是價值平等,形式上體現(xiàn)為權(quán)利平等。兩性的差異又可以分為自然性別和社會性別。只有建立在差異基礎(chǔ)上的平等才是真正意義上的平等,保持差異性才是保持獨立個體的存在,人的自由才能最大限度地發(fā)揮。反之,所有等同個體基礎(chǔ)上的平等也是等同的,這種類似的平等忽略了個體差異,人在這種狀態(tài)下沒有自由可言,沒有自由的保障何談平等�；隈R克思主義辯證法視域下的女性主義,其關(guān)注點不僅僅是兩性關(guān)系失衡對女性的壓迫,也是對男性心理、權(quán)利等方面的異化。不對等的社會關(guān)系會導(dǎo)致社會關(guān)系的片面發(fā)展,在片面的社會關(guān)系中,兩性并不能真實表達(dá)其內(nèi)在需求,異化需求下所產(chǎn)生的實踐并不是人類本質(zhì)的真正體現(xiàn),而女性主義追求的兩性解放與平權(quán)運(yùn)動正是兩性平等的還原和人類本質(zhì)的回歸。本文共分為五章,第一章緒論,女性主義受到了啟蒙運(yùn)動和法國大革命關(guān)于自由平等思潮的啟發(fā)而誕生,女性主義成熟于國外,不僅有全面的理論基礎(chǔ)還有豐富的社會實踐。由于平等與差異始終貫穿西方女性主義始終,所以研究其關(guān)系有助于推進(jìn)女性主義發(fā)展。第二章,從思潮和運(yùn)動兩方面對女性主義進(jìn)行了界定,這樣有助于更好的理解女性主義。并從時間線上介紹了女性主義的三波歷史運(yùn)動,總結(jié)概括出了每一階段女性主義理論與運(yùn)動的中關(guān)于平等與差異觀念的發(fā)展及轉(zhuǎn)變。第三章,在前兩章介紹了女性主義的來源、歷史背景以及主要發(fā)展脈絡(luò)的基礎(chǔ)上,列舉了具有代表性的三個流派即自由主義女性主義、激進(jìn)主義女性主義、西方馬克思主義女性主義,并進(jìn)行了介紹,對平等與差異觀念的轉(zhuǎn)變進(jìn)行了評析。第四章,用馬克思主義解讀女性主義核心內(nèi)容-平等與差異,論證了性別平等既是價值上的平等也是權(quán)利上的平等,在兩性差異認(rèn)同的基礎(chǔ)上,承認(rèn)差異的不可替代性,得出差異即平等。第五章,運(yùn)用馬克思主義辯證法可以得出兩性關(guān)系失衡下不僅是對女性的壓迫,也是對男性與社會的異化和壓抑,只有兩性關(guān)系得到解放,人之于社會才是完整的與全面的,這種運(yùn)動實踐復(fù)歸了人的類本質(zhì)而女性主義還原了兩性平等,解放了人類。
[Abstract]:Feminism is the general name of many feminist trends of thought, and every feminist trend of thought has its corresponding social movement. Therefore, the ideological trend and movement have become two distinguishing dimensions of feminism, which is what we usually call theory and practice. For example, the liberal feminism draws lessons from the liberalism political thought in the theory thought, the corresponding social movement strives for the equal right to vote and the right to stand for election. These schools of thought and the corresponding social movements have their own unique side, but also have their own limitations, so each school of feminism will always criticize each other, and equality and difference as the school debate of the common problem, The transformation of its internal logic can be said to be a history of feminist movement. Equality can be divided into substantive equality and formal equality. Gender differences can be divided into natural gender and social gender. Only the equality based on the difference is the true equality, the difference is to maintain the existence of the independent individual, and the freedom of man can be brought into play to the maximum extent. On the contrary, equality on the basis of equal individuals is also equivalent, and this kind of equality ignores individual differences. In this state, people do not have freedom to speak of, and there is no guarantee of freedom to talk about equality. Based on the feminist view of Marxist dialectics, its focus is not only on the oppression of women due to the imbalance of gender relations, but also on the alienation of men's psychology and rights. Unequal social relations will lead to the one-sided development of social relations, in one-sided social relations, the gender can not truly express their internal needs, alienation needs under the practice is not the real embodiment of human nature, The feminist pursuit of gender liberation and equal rights movement is the restoration of gender equality and the return of human nature. This paper is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is the introduction. Feminism was inspired by the Enlightenment and the French Revolution on the trend of thought on freedom and equality. Feminism is mature in foreign countries, not only has a comprehensive theoretical basis but also a wealth of social practice. Since equality and difference always run through western feminism, the study of its relationship is helpful to promote the development of feminism. The second chapter defines feminism from two aspects: ideological trend and movement, which is helpful to better understand feminism. It also introduces the three historical movements of feminism from the time line and summarizes the development and transformation of the concept of equality and difference in each stage of feminist theory and movement. The third chapter, on the basis of introducing the origin, historical background and main developing thread of feminism in the first two chapters, enumerates three representative schools, namely liberalism feminism, radicalism feminism. The western Marxist feminism is introduced, and the change of equality and difference is analyzed. In the fourth chapter, we use Marxism to interpret the core content of feminism-equality and difference, and prove that gender equality is not only equality in value but also equality in rights, on the basis of gender difference identity, the recognition of difference is irreplaceable. The difference is equality. In the fifth chapter, by applying Marxist dialectics, we can draw a conclusion that under the imbalance of gender relations, it is not only the oppression of women, but also the alienation and repression of men and society. Only when the relationship between men and women is liberated, can people be integrated and comprehensive in society. The practice of this movement reverts to the human nature and feminism restores gender equality and liberates human beings.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：C913.68

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