發(fā)布時間：2018-09-04 16:20

【摘要】：受教育程度是影響女性職業(yè)地位的重要因素之一,傳統(tǒng)的人力資本等理論認為,教育是增加女性人力資本的方式,可以幫助女性獲得更好的職業(yè)。新中國成立后,我國女性教育事業(yè)的發(fā)展走上正軌,改革開放后更是迎來了女性高等教育的黃金發(fā)展期,政府對教育的高投入,使女性的受教育水平和平均受教育年限有了極大提高。同時,中國的社會結(jié)構(gòu)也發(fā)生巨大的變化,在如此變化之下,中國作為世界上女性勞動力參與率最高的國家之一,女性的職業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生了怎樣的變化,和女性受教育程度之間有著何種相關(guān)性是本次研究主要探討的內(nèi)容。首先,本文通過查閱文獻對中國的職業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、職業(yè)地位、職業(yè)流動等概念進行了界定和說明,梳理了本次研究中白領(lǐng)和藍領(lǐng)的界定范圍。隨后概括了自新中國成立到改革開放我國女性受教育水平的階段性發(fā)展狀況,通過收集歷年《中國教育統(tǒng)計年鑒》的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù),得出不同時期在校女大學(xué)生的比例變化。并將高等教育的毛入學(xué)率和在校女大學(xué)生比例與部分發(fā)達國家作對比,體現(xiàn)高等教育尤其是女性高等教育的不斷變化與發(fā)達國家的差異。其次,本文通過收集歷年《中國勞動統(tǒng)計年鑒》的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù),將不同時期我國的職業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)和職業(yè)性別結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)據(jù)計算出來匯編成表格,同樣以時間維度對比不同時期女性職業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的變化和分職業(yè)女性職業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的變化,這樣不僅可以直觀觀察到各職業(yè)類型女性從業(yè)人員占所有女性從業(yè)人員總數(shù)的比例,也可以觀察到各職業(yè)類型女性從業(yè)人員占所有從業(yè)人員的比例,通過白領(lǐng)、藍領(lǐng)職業(yè)性別結(jié)構(gòu)的變遷從而分析女性職業(yè)地位的變遷。最后,本文通過對白領(lǐng)女性不同年齡組受教育程度的分析并與男性比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)白領(lǐng)職業(yè)男女比例的變化存在差異,女性在職業(yè)流動上受教育程度的影響更多。同時,通過我國就業(yè)女性的受教育程度變化趨勢和白領(lǐng)女性中大學(xué)生比例的不斷提高可以看出,我國女性受教育程度的不斷提高使得女性的職業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)不斷優(yōu)化,職業(yè)地位不斷提高。但我國高等教育的發(fā)展,使我國在校女大學(xué)生比例與職業(yè)性別結(jié)構(gòu)錯位,無論是通過高等教育的毛入學(xué)率與職業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)計算還是通過高校畢業(yè)生與職業(yè)再生產(chǎn)計算,都可以得出我國女大學(xué)生就業(yè)難的實質(zhì)是教育結(jié)構(gòu)與職業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的不對稱,因而優(yōu)化女性職業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu),提高女性職業(yè)地位還需要將教育結(jié)構(gòu)和職業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)聯(lián)系起來發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Education level is one of the important factors that influence women's professional status. Traditional theories such as human capital hold that education is a way to increase women's human capital, which can help women to obtain better jobs. Since the founding of New China, the development of female education in China has been on the right track. After the reform and opening up, the golden development period of female higher education has been ushered in. The government has made a high investment in education. This has greatly improved the level of education and the average number of years of education for women. At the same time, great changes have taken place in the social structure of China. Under such changes, what has happened to the professional structure of women in China, as one of the countries with the highest female labour force participation rate in the world? What is the correlation between the education level of women and women is the main content of this study. Firstly, this paper defines and explains the concepts of professional structure, professional status and career mobility in China by consulting literature, and combs the definition of white-collar and blue-collar in this study. Then it summarizes the stage development of women's education level from the founding of New China to the reform and opening up in China. By collecting the relevant data of China Education Statistics Yearbook in past years, the paper draws the proportion changes of female college students in different periods. The gross enrolment rate and the proportion of female college students in higher education are compared with those in some developed countries to reflect the constant change of higher education, especially female higher education, and the difference between the developed countries and the higher education. Secondly, by collecting the relevant data from the Yearbook of Labor Statistics of China over the years, this paper calculates and compiles the data of occupational structure and occupational gender structure in different periods into a table. The same time dimension is used to compare the changes of female career structure in different periods and the changes of female occupation structure in different periods, which can not only directly observe the proportion of female employees of all occupational types to the total number of female employees. It can also be observed that the proportion of female employees of various types of occupation to all employees, through the changes of the sex structure of white-collar and blue-collar occupations, the changes of women's professional status can be analyzed. Finally, by analyzing the educational level of white-collar women in different age groups and comparing with men, it is found that there are differences in the ratio of male and female in white-collar occupation, and women have more influence on the educational level of occupational mobility. At the same time, through the trend of educational level change of employed women in our country and the increasing proportion of college students among white-collar women, we can see that the continuous improvement of female education level in our country makes the career structure of women constantly optimize. Professional status is rising. However, with the development of higher education in China, the proportion of female college students in our country is misplaced with the occupational sex structure, whether through the calculation of gross enrolment rate and occupation structure of higher education or the calculation of graduates and vocational reproduction. It can be concluded that the essence of the employment difficulties of female college students in China is the asymmetry between the educational structure and the vocational structure. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the educational structure and the vocational structure to optimize the female vocational structure and improve the female professional status.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：C913.68

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