【摘要】：伴隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的不斷發(fā)展,人口與土地兩大鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)展核心要素發(fā)生了顯著變化,突出表現(xiàn)為人口的非農(nóng)化與兼業(yè)化和土地的非農(nóng)化與非糧化,轉(zhuǎn)型成為當(dāng)代中國時(shí)代背景的典型標(biāo)簽與高度濃縮。在此背景下,工作、商貿(mào)、交往、旅游、娛樂等相結(jié)合的多樣化生產(chǎn)生活方式逐步出現(xiàn),鄉(xiāng)村聚落用地逐漸由純粹的居住單元轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榫邆渚幼�、生產(chǎn)、服務(wù)等多種功能的復(fù)合單元,其功能正經(jīng)歷著由緩慢向激進(jìn)演變,并呈現(xiàn)出多樣化、非農(nóng)化及分化的顯著特征。作為鄉(xiāng)村地域人地關(guān)系最為強(qiáng)烈的表征,鄉(xiāng)村聚落用地既是農(nóng)戶居住與各種社會(huì)活動(dòng)的場所,也是其進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)的重要空間,探究其用地功能演進(jìn)過程與空間分異特征的一般規(guī)律,從而引導(dǎo)其優(yōu)化提升,既是“宜居、宜業(yè)、宜游”美麗鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)的國家戰(zhàn)略所需,又是深化對鄉(xiāng)村聚落用地功能認(rèn)識的理論需要。據(jù)此,本文以鄉(xiāng)村聚落用地功能為研究對象,選取重慶市沙坪壩區(qū)為典型案例,將視角聚焦到鄉(xiāng)村聚落內(nèi)部,在“現(xiàn)象-過程-格局-優(yōu)化”的研究脈絡(luò)框架下,從鄉(xiāng)村聚落用地分類及功能識別的現(xiàn)象入手,以“3S+PRA”實(shí)地調(diào)研法建立的“鄉(xiāng)村聚落用地”數(shù)據(jù)庫為數(shù)據(jù)源,理清鄉(xiāng)村聚落用地的功能演變過程,并運(yùn)用定量化方法與空間表達(dá)手段,從居住功能、農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)功能、非農(nóng)生產(chǎn)功能、服務(wù)功能4方面深入剖析鄉(xiāng)村聚落用地功能的空間異質(zhì)性特征,以探索鄉(xiāng)村聚落用地功能演進(jìn)與空間分異特征的一般規(guī)律,并據(jù)此厘定鄉(xiāng)村聚落用地功能優(yōu)化的空間格局,提出相應(yīng)的優(yōu)化策略,實(shí)現(xiàn)鄉(xiāng)村聚落用地功能優(yōu)化。主要研究結(jié)論如下:(1)研究將鄉(xiāng)村聚落用地劃分為居住用地(0721)、生產(chǎn)用地(0722)和附屬用地(0723)3個(gè)3級類,并結(jié)合用地類型劃分結(jié)果及不同用地承載的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)要素差異,將鄉(xiāng)村聚落用地功能識別為居住功能、農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)功能、非農(nóng)生產(chǎn)功能、服務(wù)功能4大類,建立了鄉(xiāng)村聚落用地類型與功能類型間的對應(yīng)關(guān)系,既為鄉(xiāng)村聚落用地功能演變與空間異質(zhì)性研究的具體化奠定了基礎(chǔ),也可滿足當(dāng)前鄉(xiāng)村聚落用地精細(xì)化、差異化管理的現(xiàn)實(shí)需求。(2)隨著農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的轉(zhuǎn)型發(fā)展,鄉(xiāng)村聚落用地功能整體由同質(zhì)同構(gòu)向異質(zhì)多樣演進(jìn),并呈現(xiàn)出與農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)、農(nóng)戶生計(jì)變遷相適應(yīng)的特征。其中,居住功能隨著農(nóng)戶生計(jì)方式的逐步非農(nóng)化與生計(jì)資產(chǎn)的逐漸豐富而不斷改善,主要表現(xiàn)為住宅建筑材料與結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化、居住空間的擴(kuò)展、住宅外觀的現(xiàn)代化;農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)與非農(nóng)生產(chǎn)功能,隨著農(nóng)村產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、農(nóng)戶生計(jì)方式逐步非農(nóng)化,呈現(xiàn)出“農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)功能主導(dǎo)—農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)功能與非農(nóng)生產(chǎn)功能并舉—非農(nóng)生產(chǎn)功能主導(dǎo)”的顯著非農(nóng)化演進(jìn)趨勢;服務(wù)功能隨著村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力的增強(qiáng),不斷改善提升,主要表現(xiàn)為出行條件、醫(yī)療服務(wù)、公共文化服務(wù)方面的不斷完善。(3)鄉(xiāng)村聚落用地各功能在空間上的分異特征顯著,并呈規(guī)律性變化,各項(xiàng)功能指數(shù)在空間上的分異特征是資源要素空間擇優(yōu)配置的結(jié)果。其中,居住功能指數(shù)呈現(xiàn)出“以兩大城區(qū)為核心,由高到低逐漸向外圍擴(kuò)散的環(huán)帶狀”分布規(guī)律;農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)功能指數(shù)在地域空間上整體呈現(xiàn)出“城郊低,遠(yuǎn)郊高,兩山低,山間高”的空間分異特征;非農(nóng)生產(chǎn)功能指數(shù)在空間上整體表現(xiàn)為“城郊高,遠(yuǎn)郊低,園區(qū)高,山區(qū)低”的異質(zhì)異構(gòu)空間格局;服務(wù)功能指數(shù)的高值區(qū)呈現(xiàn)以城鎮(zhèn)為核心的“多中心”分布格局,從中心周邊向外圍延伸,隨著空間距離的增加,服務(wù)功能指數(shù)呈條帶狀逐步衰減,“核心—邊緣”的空間分布格局明顯。(4)基于鄉(xiāng)村聚落用地功能演進(jìn)與空間分異特征的一般規(guī)律,厘定鄉(xiāng)村聚落用地功能優(yōu)化的空間格局,為突破鄉(xiāng)村聚落用地功能優(yōu)化建設(shè)困境提供了一新思路。在鄉(xiāng)村聚落用地的功能演變與空間異質(zhì)性分析結(jié)果基礎(chǔ)上,通過識別鄉(xiāng)村聚落用地主導(dǎo)功能類型,將沙坪壩區(qū)鄉(xiāng)村聚落用地功能優(yōu)化的空間格局厘定為東部現(xiàn)代都市功能區(qū)、中部商旅服務(wù)功能區(qū)、西部遠(yuǎn)郊農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)功能區(qū)、西部城郊特色產(chǎn)業(yè)功能區(qū)、西部山地生態(tài)保護(hù)功能區(qū)5大區(qū)域,形成了“主導(dǎo)功能突出、多功能協(xié)調(diào)共生”的區(qū)域發(fā)展格局。同時(shí),在不同分區(qū)的主導(dǎo)功能定位與鄉(xiāng)村聚落用地功能演進(jìn)趨勢指導(dǎo)下,提出了不同的鄉(xiāng)村聚落用地功能優(yōu)化策略,實(shí)現(xiàn)了鄉(xiāng)村聚落用地功能優(yōu)化。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of economy and society, the two core elements of rural development, population and land, have undergone significant changes, highlighting the non-agricultural and part-time population and Land Non-agricultural and non-food conversion, transformation into a typical label and highly concentrated background of contemporary China. In this context, work, commerce, communication, tourism, entertainment. The diversified production and life style of the combination of pleasure and so on has gradually emerged, and the rural settlement land has gradually changed from the pure residential unit to the compound unit with the functions of housing, production and service. Its function is undergoing a slow to radical evolution, and presents the obvious characteristics of diversification, non-agricultural and differentiation. Rural settlement land is not only the place where peasants live and all kinds of social activities, but also the important space for their production activities. To explore the general law of land use function evolution process and spatial differentiation characteristics, and to guide its optimization and upgrading, it is not only the national war of "livable, livable, pleasant to travel" beautiful rural construction. Therefore, this paper takes the function of rural settlements as the research object, chooses Shapingba District of Chongqing City as a typical case, focuses on the interior of rural settlements, and classifies and optimizes rural settlements from the perspective of "phenomena-process-pattern-optimization" within the framework of research. Beginning with the phenomena of function identification, this paper takes the "rural settlement land" database established by the "3S+PRA" field investigation method as the data source, clarifies the function evolution process of rural settlement land, and uses quantitative method and spatial expression means to analyze rural agglomeration from four aspects: residential function, agricultural production function, non-agricultural production function and service function. The spatial heterogeneity of the function of rural settlements is studied to explore the general law of the function evolution and spatial differentiation of rural settlements, and the spatial pattern of the function optimization of rural settlements is determined accordingly. The corresponding optimization strategies are put forward to realize the function optimization of rural settlements. It is divided into residential land (0721), productive land (0722) and accessory land (0723). According to the results of land use classification and the differences of social and economic factors carried by different land use types, the functions of rural settlements are identified as residential function, agricultural production function, non-agricultural production function and service function. The corresponding relationship between type and function type not only lays a foundation for the study of the function evolution and spatial heterogeneity of rural settlements, but also meets the realistic needs of fine and differentiated management of rural settlements. (2) With the transformation and development of rural economy and society, the function of rural settlements as a whole changes from homogeneous to heterogeneous. The residential function has been improved with the gradual non-farming of farmers'livelihood and the gradual enrichment of their living assets. The main performance is the optimization of building materials and structure, the expansion of living space and the modernization of housing appearance. Non-agricultural production function, along with the rural industrial structure, farmers'livelihood gradually non-agricultural, showing a significant non-agricultural evolution trend of "agricultural production function leading - agricultural production function and non-agricultural production function simultaneously - non-agricultural production function leading"; service function with the village collective economic strength, constantly improving and upgrading, mainly It is manifested by the continuous improvement of travel conditions, medical services and public cultural services. (3) The spatial differentiation of the functions of rural settlements is remarkable and regularly changing. The spatial differentiation of each function index is the result of the spatial optimal allocation of resource elements. Agricultural production function index shows the spatial differentiation characteristics of "suburban low, suburban high, two hills low, mountain high" in the regional space as a whole; non-agricultural production function index in the spatial performance of "suburban high, suburban low, Park high, mountain low" as a whole. Heterogeneous heterogeneous spatial pattern; the high value area of service function index presents a "multi-center" distribution pattern centered on the town, extending from the periphery of the center to the periphery. With the increase of spatial distance, the service function index decreases gradually in a strip, and the spatial distribution pattern of "core-edge" is obvious. (4) Based on the rural settlement land function performance. It provides a new way to break through the predicament of rural settlement land function optimization and construction by defining the spatial pattern of rural settlement land function optimization according to the general law of spatial differentiation characteristics. The spatial pattern of function optimization of rural settlements in the dam area is defined as five major areas, namely, the modern urban function area in the east, the commercial and tourist service function area in the middle, the agricultural production function area in the western suburbs, the characteristic industrial function area in the western suburbs, and the ecological protection function area in the western mountainous areas. At the same time, under the guidance of the orientation of the leading function in different zones and the evolution trend of the rural settlement land function, different optimization strategies of the rural settlement land function are put forward to realize the optimization of the rural settlement land function.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：C912.82

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本文編號：2201491