【摘要】：農(nóng)村聚居是農(nóng)村居民與周?chē)匀�、�?jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、文化環(huán)境相互作用的結(jié)果,具有明顯的地域分異規(guī)律。我國(guó)中部地區(qū)幅員遼闊,涉及全國(guó)10%的國(guó)土面積、1/3的農(nóng)村人口,近120萬(wàn)個(gè)自然村落。洞庭湖、鄱陽(yáng)湖畔的魚(yú)米水鄉(xiāng)與呂梁、太行山區(qū)的窯洞堡寨；湘鄂2-3戶(hù)的零散灣子與皖贛數(shù)千戶(hù)上萬(wàn)人聚族而居的村落；晉豫的小親族村莊、皖贛的宗族村莊等無(wú)不彰顯著中部地區(qū)農(nóng)村聚居的地域差異性。深入研究這種差異性,是為了給我國(guó)中部地區(qū)農(nóng)村聚居模式識(shí)別提供科學(xué)的依據(jù),同時(shí)也是為農(nóng)村聚居模式調(diào)控提供正確分類(lèi)指導(dǎo)的前提。只有因地制宜,注意農(nóng)村聚居的多樣性,采取具有統(tǒng)一基礎(chǔ)但差異化的政策措施才能積極、有效地推動(dòng)國(guó)家新農(nóng)村建設(shè)、城鄉(xiāng)一體化發(fā)展、農(nóng)村土地整治與流轉(zhuǎn)等戰(zhàn)略的實(shí)施。 本文利用樣帶法,以我國(guó)中部地區(qū)京廣-焦太鐵路、皖贛-湘黔鐵路沿線88縣(市)組成的樣帶區(qū)域,根據(jù)斑塊規(guī)模、斑塊密度、最大斑塊指數(shù)等景觀指數(shù)以及住宅質(zhì)量與結(jié)構(gòu)、公共品供給水平、主觀幸福感、社會(huì)支持網(wǎng)絡(luò)等多項(xiàng)指標(biāo),應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)模型和GIS空間分析方法,重點(diǎn)研究了樣帶區(qū)農(nóng)村聚居的在空間分布特征、建筑與設(shè)施、社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)、聚居文化、演化模式等方面的地域差異以及自然環(huán)境、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、現(xiàn)代農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型、城鎮(zhèn)化、社會(huì)制度與政策、地域文化等因素對(duì)農(nóng)村聚居地域差異的影響。研究結(jié)果表明： (1)我國(guó)中部地區(qū)農(nóng)村聚居地域差異包括地域現(xiàn)狀差異與地域趨勢(shì)差異,主要表現(xiàn)為山—丘—平、發(fā)達(dá)—欠發(fā)達(dá)—落后、近郊—遠(yuǎn)郊—偏遠(yuǎn)農(nóng)區(qū)三種地域差異模式；農(nóng)村聚居系統(tǒng)現(xiàn)狀與趨勢(shì)地域差異的形成是自然環(huán)境與地域文化基底、經(jīng)濟(jì)與技術(shù)發(fā)展、政策與制度調(diào)控三大因素系統(tǒng)綜合作用的結(jié)果。 (2)我國(guó)中部地區(qū)農(nóng)村聚居地域現(xiàn)狀差異主要表現(xiàn)在：農(nóng)村聚居空間特征主要呈現(xiàn)山—丘—平地域差異；農(nóng)村住房條件與基礎(chǔ)、社會(huì)服務(wù)設(shè)施質(zhì)量呈現(xiàn)發(fā)達(dá)-欠發(fā)達(dá)-落后區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)梯度差異；聚居群體生活型態(tài)與社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)主要呈現(xiàn)近郊-遠(yuǎn)郊-偏遠(yuǎn)農(nóng)區(qū)地域差異。我國(guó)中部地區(qū)農(nóng)村聚居地域趨勢(shì)差異主要表現(xiàn)為基于不同演化主動(dòng)力的地域農(nóng)村聚居演化模式,即基于人口自然增長(zhǎng)驅(qū)動(dòng)的自然演化；基于城鎮(zhèn)化、工業(yè)化、政策制度驅(qū)動(dòng)的正加速演化；基于城鎮(zhèn)化、工業(yè)化、家庭規(guī)模小型化、交通條件改善驅(qū)動(dòng)的負(fù)加速演化以及基于災(zāi)害規(guī)避、生態(tài)移民、城鎮(zhèn)工礦拓展驅(qū)動(dòng)的突變演化。 (3)農(nóng)村聚居地域現(xiàn)狀與趨勢(shì)差異影響因素的綜合作用機(jī)理為：①自然與文化基底是影響農(nóng)村聚居空間選址與布局的首要因素,也是影響農(nóng)村聚居規(guī)模大小與形態(tài)的決定性因素,是農(nóng)村聚居山-丘-平地域差異形成的重要前提。②經(jīng)濟(jì)與技術(shù)發(fā)展是農(nóng)村聚居住房與設(shè)施條件、生活質(zhì)量、社會(huì)型態(tài)、功能價(jià)值形成發(fā)達(dá)-欠發(fā)達(dá)-落后、城-郊-鄉(xiāng)地域差異的主導(dǎo)性因素,其中基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)對(duì)農(nóng)村聚居演變的速度、方向以及形態(tài)具有重要的空間引導(dǎo)作用。③政策與制度因素是影響農(nóng)村聚居演化趨勢(shì)與與發(fā)展方向的重要因素。隨著現(xiàn)代農(nóng)村聚居的發(fā)展與演變,傳統(tǒng)的自然環(huán)境與地域文化基底的基礎(chǔ)性、制約性作用地位不斷弱化,新興的經(jīng)濟(jì)與技術(shù)發(fā)展、政策與制度調(diào)控的作用地位不斷上升。農(nóng)村聚居地域演化趨勢(shì)差異是基于差別化的主導(dǎo)驅(qū)動(dòng)力形成的,差別化的主導(dǎo)驅(qū)動(dòng)動(dòng)力是經(jīng)濟(jì)與技術(shù)發(fā)展水平、政策制度調(diào)控程度、自然環(huán)境因子突變?nèi)呔C合作用的結(jié)果。
[Abstract]:Rural settlement is the result of the interaction between rural residents and the surrounding natural, economic, social and cultural environment, and has obvious regional differentiation law. The central region of China is vast, involving 10% of the country's land area, 1/3 of the rural population, nearly 1.2 million natural villages. Dongting Lake, Yumishui Township by Poyang Lake, Luliang Mountain Caves Fortress village, scattered Wanzi of 2-3 households in Hunan and Hubei, and villages inhabited by tens of thousands of families in Anhui and Jiangxi provinces, small kinship villages in Shanxi and Henan provinces, and Clan Villages in Anhui and Jiangxi provinces all show the regional differences of rural settlements in central China. Only by adjusting measures to local conditions, paying attention to the diversity of rural settlements, adopting unified but differentiated policies and measures can we actively and effectively promote the implementation of national new rural construction, urban-rural integration, rural land consolidation and circulation strategies.
In this paper, the method of transect is used to analyze the landscape indexes such as patch size, patch density, maximum patch index, residential quality and structure, public goods supply level, subjective well-being, social support network and so on. The model and GIS spatial analysis method are used to study the spatial distribution characteristics, buildings and facilities, social structure, settlement culture, evolution model and other regional differences of rural settlements in the transect area, as well as the natural environment, infrastructure, modern rural economic transformation, urbanization, social system and policy, regional culture and other factors on rural settlements. The results show that:
(1) The regional differences of rural settlements in the central part of China include the differences of regional status quo and regional trends, which are mainly manifested in three patterns: mountain-hilly-flat, developed-underdeveloped-backward, suburban-suburban-remote agricultural areas; the formation of the regional differences of rural settlements is the base of natural environment and regional culture. Economic and technological development, policy and institutional regulation are the result of the combined effects of the three major factors.
(2) The differences of the present situation of rural settlements in central China are mainly manifested in the following aspects: the spatial characteristics of rural settlements are mainly mountain-hilly-plain; the housing conditions and foundation in rural areas; the quality of social service facilities presents economic gradient differences in developed-underdeveloped-backward areas; the life style and social structure of the settlements are mainly suburban-suburban. The regional differences of rural settlements in central China are mainly manifested in the evolution model of rural settlements based on different evolutionary initiative, that is, natural evolution driven by natural population growth, accelerated evolution driven by urbanization, industrialization and policy system, urbanization and industrialization. Family size miniaturization, negative accelerated evolution driven by improved traffic conditions, and catastrophic evolution driven by disaster avoidance, ecological migration and urban industrial and mining expansion.
(3) The synthetical mechanism of the factors influencing the present situation and trend of rural settlements is as follows: (1) Natural and cultural base is the primary factor influencing the location and layout of rural settlements, and is also the decisive factor influencing the size and shape of rural settlements, and is the important premise for the formation of the regional differences between rural settlements in mountain, hill and plain areas. Technological development is the dominant factor for the development-underdevelopment-backwardness of rural residential quarters and facilities, the quality of life, the social pattern, the formation of functional values, and the regional differences between urban and rural areas. Infrastructure construction plays an important role in guiding the evolution speed, direction and form of rural settlements. With the development and evolution of modern rural settlements, the basic and restrictive role of traditional natural environment and regional cultural base is weakening, the emerging economic and technological development, the role of policy and institutional regulation is rising. Potential difference is formed on the basis of the dominant driving force of differentiation. The dominant driving force of differentiation is the result of the combined effects of the level of economic and technological development, the degree of regulation and control of policies and systems, and the sudden change of natural environmental factors.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：C912.82

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 鄧春雁;我國(guó)當(dāng)代農(nóng)業(yè)村莊營(yíng)建基礎(chǔ)的類(lèi)型研究[D];北京建筑工程學(xué)院;2012年

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本文編號(hào)：2200505