【摘要】：農(nóng)村留守兒童是改革開(kāi)放以來(lái),我國(guó)工業(yè)化、現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的衍生品。因?yàn)楦改副O(jiān)護(hù)缺位,補(bǔ)充性社會(huì)支持不到位,這些留守兒童面臨著安全失保、親情缺失、心理失衡、教育缺位等多方面的問(wèn)題。留守兒童的不良事件屢見(jiàn)報(bào)端,引起了政府和社會(huì)越來(lái)越多的關(guān)注。微觀生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是與留守兒童生活、學(xué)習(xí)密切相關(guān)的環(huán)境,也是獲得社會(huì)支持的重要來(lái)源。了解留守兒童微觀生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中社會(huì)支持的現(xiàn)狀,探索促進(jìn)現(xiàn)有社會(huì)支持利用和培育潛在社會(huì)支持的途徑,完善留守兒童社會(huì)支持網(wǎng)絡(luò)是留守兒童健康成長(zhǎng)的需要,也是促進(jìn)我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)穩(wěn)定的需要。本文以“微觀生態(tài)系統(tǒng)”為主要理論依據(jù),采用定量分析與定性分析相結(jié)合的調(diào)查方法獲取第一手資料。通過(guò)從留守兒童的家庭、社區(qū)、學(xué)校和朋輩等子系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行分析,分別對(duì)留守兒童社會(huì)支持的廣度和深度進(jìn)行了梳理。社會(huì)支持的廣度分別從來(lái)源廣度和內(nèi)容廣度兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了分析。社會(huì)支持的深度主要以社會(huì)支持的頻率,社會(huì)支持量化分值為依據(jù)進(jìn)行分析。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),留守兒童的父母支持缺失,替代監(jiān)護(hù)主體力不從心;社會(huì)支持的內(nèi)容和來(lái)源的廣度有限;社會(huì)支持主要來(lái)源于非正式社會(huì)支持,正式社會(huì)支持頻率不高;社會(huì)支持內(nèi)容多以客觀支持為主,主觀支持較薄弱;社會(huì)支持深度不夠,且支持主體聯(lián)動(dòng)不足。社會(huì)支持的狀況不樂(lè)觀,原因也是多方面的。內(nèi)生性因素是核心支持真空,服務(wù)資本匱乏,服務(wù)方向偏離;外生性因素是社會(huì)組織發(fā)展,專業(yè)服務(wù)人才不足,公眾參與意識(shí)薄弱,社會(huì)支持網(wǎng)絡(luò)殘缺,支持主體聯(lián)動(dòng)不足。但是,目前國(guó)內(nèi)留守兒童方面的政策和制度也為留守兒童服務(wù)創(chuàng)造了良好的宏觀環(huán)境,在對(duì)留守兒童社會(huì)支持現(xiàn)狀的內(nèi)生性因素、外生性因素以及優(yōu)勢(shì)環(huán)境的多維度分析的基礎(chǔ)上,本文提出修復(fù)和完善留守兒童社會(huì)支持的路徑和方法。即父母“復(fù)位”修復(fù)家庭系統(tǒng),校、社“補(bǔ)位”擴(kuò)展支持系統(tǒng),多方聯(lián)動(dòng)“增位”優(yōu)化支持系統(tǒng)。探索并完善一個(gè)以家庭為中心,學(xué)校為主體,社區(qū)、社會(huì)組織、朋輩群體以及社會(huì)力量多方聯(lián)動(dòng)、密切配合的社會(huì)支持網(wǎng),共同幫助留守兒童面對(duì)各方面的問(wèn)題,為留守兒童創(chuàng)造一個(gè)健康成長(zhǎng)的生態(tài)環(huán)境。
[Abstract]:Rural left-behind children are derivatives of China's industrialization and modernization since the reform and opening up. Because of the absence of parental supervision and the lack of supplementary social support, these left-behind children are faced with many problems, such as loss of security, lack of family affection, psychological imbalance, lack of education and so on. The adverse events of left-behind children are frequently reported, which has attracted more and more attention from the government and society. Micro ecosystem is an environment closely related to the life and learning of children left behind, and also an important source of social support. Understanding the current situation of social support in the microcosmic ecosystem of left-behind children, exploring ways to promote the utilization and cultivation of potential social support, and perfecting the social support network of left-behind children are the needs of healthy growth of left-behind children. It is also the need to promote China's economic and social stability. Based on the theory of "micro ecosystem", this paper adopts the method of quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis to obtain first-hand data. Based on the analysis of the family, community, school and peer subsystem of left-behind children, this paper analyzes the breadth and depth of social support for left-behind children. The breadth of social support is analyzed in terms of source breadth and content breadth. The depth of social support is mainly based on the frequency of social support and the quantitative score of social support. The study found that the parental support of left-behind children is not enough, the content and source of social support is limited, the social support is mainly from informal social support, and the frequency of formal social support is not high. The content of social support is mainly objective support, the subjective support is weak, the depth of social support is not enough, and the linkage of supporting main body is insufficient. The social support situation is not optimistic, the reason is also various. The endogenous factors are the core support vacuum, the lack of service capital and the deviation of service direction; the exogenous factors are the development of social organization, the shortage of professional service talents, the weak consciousness of public participation, the incomplete social support network and the insufficient linkage of support subject. However, the current domestic policies and systems for left-behind children have also created a good macro environment for left-behind children to serve, which is an endogenous factor in the current situation of social support for left-behind children. On the basis of multi-dimensional analysis of exogenous factors and dominant environment, this paper puts forward the ways and methods of repairing and perfecting social support for left-behind children. That is, parents "reset" to repair the family system, school, social "complementary" extended support system, multi-party linkage "increase" optimization support system. Explore and improve a family-centered, school as the main body, community, social organizations, peer groups and social forces, closely coordinated social support network, to help left-behind children face all aspects of the problem, Create a healthy ecological environment for left-behind children.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚(yáng)州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：C913.5

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本文編號(hào)：2147526