社會排斥后的無意識情緒調(diào)節(jié)
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-17 07:18
【摘要】：生活在社會中的大多數(shù)人，都是與其他人相聯(lián)系的，必須依靠群體才能獲得更好的生存及發(fā)展機會，我們依賴他人給我們提供各種便利和所需，群體也因此而相互聯(lián)系，相互接受。盡管當前社會更加強調(diào)人與人之間應(yīng)當和諧相處，但是我們在現(xiàn)實生活中還是會遇到各種各樣的排斥現(xiàn)象：給某公司投遞簡歷卻沒有收到回復時；加入一個新環(huán)境，卻無法與他人相處時；給一本雜志投稿卻遭到退稿時，都可能會產(chǎn)生被排斥的感覺。 大學生在日常的學習與生活中，也會經(jīng)常碰到類似的事件：與宿舍其他同學無法融洽相處；申請加入某社團卻遭到拒絕；在選舉中沒有獲得成功；在舞臺上得到的是一片噓聲等等。不管是真實存在還是主觀臆想的，只要個體認為自己受到了他人的排斥，都會產(chǎn)生獨特的心理變化，進而導致行為的改變。而生活中，，可能引起當事人感覺到被排斥、不被接受的生活事件非常普遍。 每個人都渴望與他人維持良好的社會關(guān)系，得到社會支持。被人喜歡、欣賞或者接受，自然會產(chǎn)生自尊、信心和幸福感；相反，如果感覺不被喜歡、不被欣賞甚至受到排斥，其生活就會受到嚴重威脅，會表現(xiàn)出一些受冷落之后的孤獨感，這種被冷落的感覺在心理學被稱為“社會排斥”(social exclusion)，社會排斥是一個普遍的社會現(xiàn)象，一直是社會學家十分關(guān)注的一個問題，在心理學研究領(lǐng)域，也逐漸開始對社會排斥的成因，以及對個體認知、情緒、行為和人際關(guān)系等的影響進行深入研究。大量研究表明，社會排斥經(jīng)歷會導致個體出現(xiàn)攻擊性行為等不利于人際交往的行為，長期遭受社會排斥會給個體帶來強烈的心理和行為反應(yīng)(Leary, Kowalski, Smith,Phillips,2003)。但目前有研究指出，當個體被剝奪某種需要時，會表現(xiàn)出更熱切的尋求行為，近年來已有研究開始關(guān)注個體在社會排斥條件下可能引發(fā)的積極情緒和行為。 拒絕敏感性主要是指對遭遇他人拒絕的一種敏感程度，它是一種指向人格內(nèi)部的特質(zhì)，常被作為社會排斥后產(chǎn)生的孤獨感與心理應(yīng)激和健康關(guān)系的重要中介因素，但在該研究中不將此中介作用作為研究重點，旨在平衡被試群體在人格因素上的差異�；诖�，該研究旨在驗證社會排斥是否在中國背景下同樣會對個體產(chǎn)生負性影響，同時探索無意識情緒調(diào)節(jié)能否緩解社會排斥帶來的消極后果。在該研究中主要采用相互認識范式，討論社會排斥對個體情緒、自尊、歸屬感、控制感和存在意義的影響。實驗一采用相互認識范式，檢驗社會排斥是否會導致個體外顯的情緒悲傷，其悲傷和受傷感是否會增加，歸屬感和積極情緒是否會降低；其次，考察受到社會排斥的個體是否會回憶更多的積極生活事件，或者對相似的生活事件有更為積極的評價。實驗二同樣采用相互認識范式對社會排斥進行操作，以被試對不同效價詞匯的反應(yīng)時和反應(yīng)傾向為指標，目的在于檢驗情緒的無意識調(diào)節(jié)是否在個體的內(nèi)隱情緒變化中起作用，使個體更為注意積極信息。 主要得到以下幾個結(jié)論： (1)在中國文化背景下，受到社會排斥的個體會產(chǎn)生排斥感和受傷感，主要表現(xiàn)為被試的歸屬感會明顯降低，但是積極情緒并沒有顯著改變； (2)受到社會排斥的個體后會產(chǎn)生無意識的情緒調(diào)節(jié)過程，會誘發(fā)更多的積極情緒來平衡排斥情境，會回憶更多的積極生活事件，對相似的生活事件有更為積極的評價； (3)排斥組被試會更多的采用情緒加工方式，注意更多的積極信息。
[Abstract]:Most of the people living in society are in contact with others , must rely on groups to achieve better survival and development opportunities , and we rely on others to provide us with a variety of facilities and needs , and groups are therefore interconnected and mutually acceptable .
Join a new environment , but can ' t get along with others ;
Giving a magazine a press release is likely to produce a feeling of exclusion .
College students often encounter similar events in their daily study and life : they cannot get along with other students in the dormitory ;
The application to join a club has been denied ;
There was no success in the election ;
On the stage is a boos and so on . Whether it is true or subjective , as long as the individual thinks that he is excluded from others , it will produce a unique psychological change , which leads to a change in behavior . In life , it may cause the party to feel excluded , and the unacceptable life event is very common .
Everyone is eager to maintain a good social relationship with others and receive social support . People like , appreciate or accept will naturally develop self - esteem , confidence and well - being ;
On the contrary , if the feeling is not like , not to be appreciated or even excluded , the life will be seriously threatened , it will show some loneliness after the cold fall , the social exclusion is a common social phenomenon , and the influence of individual cognition , emotion , behavior and interpersonal relationship has been studied in depth . A large number of studies show that social exclusion experience can lead to the behavior of individual aggression and other adverse effects on human interaction , and the long - term social exclusion can bring about strong psychological and behavioral response to the individual ( Leary , alski , Smith , Phillips , 2003 ) . However , it is pointed out that when an individual is deprived of a certain need , it will show a more hot pursuit . In recent years , the study has begun to pay attention to the positive emotion and behavior that the individual may cause under the condition of social exclusion .
This research aims at verifying whether social exclusion can also contribute to individual emotion , self - esteem , sense of self - esteem , sense of belonging , sense of control and the existence of social exclusion .
Second , whether the individual who is subject to social exclusion can recall more positive life events , or have more positive evaluation of similar life events . Experiment 2 also uses mutual cognitive paradigm to operate the social exclusion , so as to test the response time and reaction tendency of different potency words . The aim is to test whether the unconscious regulation of emotion plays a role in the change of implicit emotion in the individual , so as to make the individual more aware of positive information .
The following conclusions are mainly obtained :
( 1 ) Under the Chinese cultural background , the individuals who are excluded from the social exclusion can produce a sense of rejection and injury , which is mainly manifested as a significant decrease in the sense of belonging , but the positive emotion does not change significantly ;
( 2 ) After receiving social exclusion , an unconscious emotion regulation process can induce more positive emotions to balance the exclusion situation , recall more positive life events , and have a more active evaluation of similar life events ;
( 3 ) The exclusion group was more likely to use emotional processing methods to pay attention to more positive information .
【學位授予單位】：河南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：C912.1
本文編號：2129565
[Abstract]:Most of the people living in society are in contact with others , must rely on groups to achieve better survival and development opportunities , and we rely on others to provide us with a variety of facilities and needs , and groups are therefore interconnected and mutually acceptable .
Join a new environment , but can ' t get along with others ;
Giving a magazine a press release is likely to produce a feeling of exclusion .
College students often encounter similar events in their daily study and life : they cannot get along with other students in the dormitory ;
The application to join a club has been denied ;
There was no success in the election ;
On the stage is a boos and so on . Whether it is true or subjective , as long as the individual thinks that he is excluded from others , it will produce a unique psychological change , which leads to a change in behavior . In life , it may cause the party to feel excluded , and the unacceptable life event is very common .
Everyone is eager to maintain a good social relationship with others and receive social support . People like , appreciate or accept will naturally develop self - esteem , confidence and well - being ;
On the contrary , if the feeling is not like , not to be appreciated or even excluded , the life will be seriously threatened , it will show some loneliness after the cold fall , the social exclusion is a common social phenomenon , and the influence of individual cognition , emotion , behavior and interpersonal relationship has been studied in depth . A large number of studies show that social exclusion experience can lead to the behavior of individual aggression and other adverse effects on human interaction , and the long - term social exclusion can bring about strong psychological and behavioral response to the individual ( Leary , alski , Smith , Phillips , 2003 ) . However , it is pointed out that when an individual is deprived of a certain need , it will show a more hot pursuit . In recent years , the study has begun to pay attention to the positive emotion and behavior that the individual may cause under the condition of social exclusion .
This research aims at verifying whether social exclusion can also contribute to individual emotion , self - esteem , sense of self - esteem , sense of belonging , sense of control and the existence of social exclusion .
Second , whether the individual who is subject to social exclusion can recall more positive life events , or have more positive evaluation of similar life events . Experiment 2 also uses mutual cognitive paradigm to operate the social exclusion , so as to test the response time and reaction tendency of different potency words . The aim is to test whether the unconscious regulation of emotion plays a role in the change of implicit emotion in the individual , so as to make the individual more aware of positive information .
The following conclusions are mainly obtained :
( 1 ) Under the Chinese cultural background , the individuals who are excluded from the social exclusion can produce a sense of rejection and injury , which is mainly manifested as a significant decrease in the sense of belonging , but the positive emotion does not change significantly ;
( 2 ) After receiving social exclusion , an unconscious emotion regulation process can induce more positive emotions to balance the exclusion situation , recall more positive life events , and have a more active evaluation of similar life events ;
( 3 ) The exclusion group was more likely to use emotional processing methods to pay attention to more positive information .
【學位授予單位】：河南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：C912.1
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